Untitled Flashcards Set

Willheim wundt created structuralism and scientific psychology (associated with edward tichener)

William james created functionalism

Karen horney: Feminist psychology

John Locke: blank slate “tabula rasa”

Ivan Pavlov: classical conditioning

John B watson: (B)ehavioralism

B.F Skinner: Neobehaviorism and operant conditioning

Edward Thorndike: Law of effects (positive outcomes are more likely to occur)

Sigmund Freud: unconscious mind

Karl Popper: theories can only be falsified

Types of schema

Person schemas (significant others looks, likes and dislikes)

Social schemas (specific expectations for a wedding)

Sself schemas (beliefs about ourself)

Event schemas (sequence of event that are expected to occur)

Availability heuristics: our preconceived frequency or likelihood of event (memorable events change how we perceive how common they are) Baltimore is dangerous

Anchoring heuristic: relies on the first piece of information recieved

Representative heuristic: compares to prototype

Conjunction fallacy: the probability of A + B is always less than just A

Type 1 error: incorrectly reject null hypothesis (false positive)

Type 2 error: fail to reject null hypothesis (false negative)

Higher order coditooning: a neutral stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus by being paired with an already established conditioned stimulus

Stimulus generalization: response that has been conditioned stimulus responds to other similar reactions

Stimulus discrimination: different responses are made to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus in some way

Garcia effect: learned reaction to food or odors (unconditioned stimulus was the cause of unconditioned response) neutral stimulus now triggered response

Positive reinforcement: you get a good grade after studying

Negative reinforcement: you take pain killers and eliminates pain

Positive punishment: your friends tease you for studying

Negative punishment: studying makes you lose time with friends (pleasant is removed)

Fixed ratio: behavior is reinforced after a specific number of times (paid per item produced)

Variable ratio: behavior is reinforced after an average but unpredictable, number of times (slot machines)

Fixed interval: behavior is reinforced for the first response after a specific amount of time has passed (monthly salary)

Variable interval: behavior is reinforced after an average but unpredictable amounto f time has passed (waiting for elevator)

Cognition: Information processing

Encode: getting information into our memory banks

Store: keeping information in memory

Retrieve: bringing information from memory back to conscious awareness

Recognition - multiple choice tests

Recall - fill in the blanks

Implicit memory: the information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized (bikes)

Procedural: (unconscious, long-term memory) ong-term memory that stores information about how to perform actions or skills

Declarative memory: the ability to consciously recall facts and event

Episodic memory: Memories of specific events, like where you were when you heard about the Challenger space shuttle disaster

Semantic memory: Knowledge and facts, like the name of your fifth-grade teacher