Unit 3 Afro History

Unit 3 Review

Antebellum Sectionalism and Political Conflict

Sectional Differences between North and South: 

  • Economic Differences

  • Social Differences

  • Political Differences

Abolition Movement:

Missouri Compromise (1820): 

  • Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a non slave state to help maintain peace between the North and South and be fair. This increased sectional conflicts

  • Free and slave states must be entered in pairs

Underground railroad:

  • Series of safe houses

Popular sovereignty:

  • States could chose whether they wanted to be a slave/non slave state

Compromise of 1850:

  • Laws created to comfort both North and South

  • New Mexico and Utah would be based on popular sovereignty

  • New strict fugitive slave law

    • Many black people were deemed as slaves despite not being one because the judges got paid more if they determined the fugitive was a slave. 

Kansas Nebraska Act:

  • Demand for western land leads to discussion of completing the Northern Railroad

  • Nebraska territory would be divided into two territories known as Kansas and Nebraska

  • Missouri compromise would be repealed opening doors to popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories

  • Republican party formed

    • Bleeding Kansas: Period of violence after the Kansas Nebraska Act

    • Unable to decide on Kansas government

    • Many tensions and fights in Kansas about slavery

Dredd Scott V. Stanford:

  • Dredd was a former slave freed in Illinois 

  • Filed lawsuits demanding freedom and many legal battles for freedom

    • Rulings:

    • African Americans were not citizens and could not sue

    • The 5th amendment protected slave owners rights

    • Missouri compromise was unconstitutional 

John Brown’s Raid:

  • Advocated for abolition

  • Organized violence and rebellions

  • Attacked Harpers Ferry to start a slave rebellion

Election of 1860:

  • Lincoln receives republican nominee for first president

  • Lincoln wins presidency without a single southern vote

  • Moderate

  • December of 1860 South Carolina seceded

Secession

  • Vote to leave country

  • 7 states seceded before Lincoln's election

    • States form the confederacy 

    • 4 states didn’t secede: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware

The Civil War

Northern and Southern advantages

  • South has a better army and military compared to the North who has an advantage in population and manufacturing 

Lincolns War Goals:

  • Preserve the Union

African Americans in the Civil War: 

  • No Black men were enlisted to fight

  • Confederates used enslaved people as cooks, teamsters, mechanics and more

  • Black people fighting for the union, if caught by the confederates were immediately killed instead of becoming prisoner of war like the white men

Emancipation Proclamation

  • Only freed slaves in rebellious states

  • Changed purpose of the war from the preservation of the union to ending slavery

  • Racial tensions increased

1863 Draft Riots

  • Northerners didn’t want to fight a war about slavery

  • Anger about the 300$ amendment which allowed rich people to buy their way out of the draft

Reconstruction/Redemption 

Radical Republicans:

  • Did not like Lincoln 

  • Wanted to use reconstruction to rebuild the South 

10% Plan:

  • Anyone who swears loyalty to the U.S will be considered reconstructed except southern politicians and members of the confederate military, they would have to petition Lincoln specifically

  • Once 10% of voting population takes the oath states could vote and be readmitted

    • Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana are readmitted

  • Malice towards none:

    • Lincoln's policy to bring back the South in a respectful manner

Freedmen's Bureau:

  • The U.S Gov protects Black people from violence

  • Provides food, clothing, education, general protection

13th Amendment:

  • Ended Slavery

14th Amendment: 

  • Everyone born in the United States would be citizens

Jim Crow Laws:

  • Used to segregate Black people since slavery was now illegal

  • Were black codes

Black Codes:

  • Limits Black people's rights

15th Amendment

  • Guaranteed suffrage (right to vote) to all citizens (men)

Sharecropping:

  • Wealthy landowners give supplies to freedmen in exchange for a % of the crop

    • Forever indebted to landowners

    • DEFACTO slavery

Gerrymandering:

  • Realigning voting districts unfairly 

Kkk:

  • Ex confederate soldiers

  • Brutally attacked freedmen

Carpetbaggers

  • Northern politicians who went south in search of a job

Mississippi Plan:

  • Terrorizing Black people, northern republicans and southern republicans

  • Shifted balance of political power in the south