PERSONALITY-DISORDERS

PERSONALITY DISORDERS

CLUSTER A. ODD/ECCENTRIC

1) Paranoid

2) Schizoid

3) Schizotypal

CLUSTER B. DRAMATIC/ERRATIC

1) Antisocial

2) Borderline

3) Histrionic

4) Narcissistic

CLUSTER C. FEARFUL/ANXIOUS

1) Avoidant

2) Dependent

3) Obsessive-Compulsive

PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. Presence of 4 or more of the ff signs of distrust and suspiciousness, beginning by early adulthood and shown in many contexts:

– Unjustified suspiciousness of being harmed, deceived, or exploited

– Unwarranted doubts about the loyalty/trustworthiness of friends/ associates

– Reluctance to confide in others because of suspiciousness

– The tendency to read hidden meanings into the benign actions of others

– Bears grudges for perceived wrongs

– Angry reactions to perceived attacks on character or reputation

– Unwarranted suspiciousness of the fidelity of partner

  1. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizo, bipolar, depressive,

Facts: Hypervigilance 🡪 guarded 🡪 appeared cold, Lack trust 🡪 Self-sufficient/autonomy, precursor for schizo

Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizo, add “premorbid,”= “paranoid personality disorder (premorbid)”

SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. Presence of 4 or more of the ff signs of interpersonal detachment and restricted emotion are present from early adulthood across many contexts:

– Lack of desire for or enjoyment of close relationships

– Almost always prefers solitude to companionship

– Little interest in sex

– Few or no pleasurable activities

– Lack of friends

– Indifference to praise or criticism

– Flat affect, emotional detachment, emotional coldness

  1. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizo, bipolar, depressive,

Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizo, add “premorbid,”= “shizoid personality disorder (premorbid)”

Facts: Appear Cold and Aloof

SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 (or more) of the following

– Ideas of reference

– Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is consistent with subcultural norms, e.g., belief in extrasensory perception

– Unusual perceptions, e.g., distorted feelings about one’s body

– Odd patterns of thought and speech

– Suspiciousness or paranoia

– Inappropriate or restricted affect

– Odd or eccentric behavior or appearance

– Lack of close friends

– Anxiety around other people, which does not diminish with familiarity (Paranoia)

  1. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizo, bipolar, depressive,

Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizo, add “premorbid,”= “shizoty personality disorder (premorbid)”

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by 3 (or more) of the following:

–Repeated lawbreaking

– Deceitfulness, lying

– Impulsivity

– Irritability and aggressiveness

– Reckless disregard for own safety and that of others

– Irresponsibility as seen in unreliable employment or financial history

– Lack of remorse

  1. Individual at least age 18
  2. There is evidence of Conduct disorder with onset before age 15 years.
  3. The occurrence is not exclusive during the course of schizo or bipolar

FACTS: Lack of Empathy, Inflated self-appraisal, and superficial charm

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in diff contexts, as indicated by 5 (or more) of the ff:

– Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment

– Unstable interpersonal relationships in which others are either idealized or devalued

– Unstable sense of self

– Self-damaging, impulsive behaviors in at least 2 areas, such as spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, and binge eating

– Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or self-injurious behavior (e.g., cutting self)

– Marked mood reactivity (Intense Dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety)

– Chronic feelings of emptiness

– Recurrent bouts of intense or poorly controlled anger

– During stress, a tendency to experience transient paranoid thoughts and dissociation

HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood & in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five 5 of the ff.

– Strong need to be the center of attention: Uncomfortable when not the center

– Inappropriate sexually seductive behavior

– Rapidly shifting expression of emotions

– Use of physical appearance to draw attention to self

– Speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail

– Exaggerated, theatrical emotional expression

– Overly suggestible

– Misreads relationships as more intimate than they are

NARCISISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 (or more) of the ff:

– Grandiose view of one’s importance

– Preoccupation with fantasies of one’s success, brilliance, beauty

– Belief that one is special and can be understood only by other high-status people

– Extreme need for admiration

– Strong sense of entitlement

– Tendency to exploit others

– Lack of empathy

– Envious of others

– Arrogant behavior or attitudes

AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism as shown by 4 or more of the following starting by early adulthood in many contexts:

– Avoidance of occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fears of criticism or disapproval

– Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked

– Restrained in intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed

– Preoccupation with being criticized or rejected.

– Inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy

– Views self as socially inept or inferior

– Unusually reluctant to try new activities because they may prove embarrassing

DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER

  1. An excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation as shown at least 5 of the ff. beginning by early adulthood and shown in many contexts:

– Difficulty making decisions without excessive advice and reassurance from others

– Need for others to take responsibility for most major areas of life

– Difficulty disagreeing with others for fear of losing their support

– Difficulty doing things on own or starting projects because of lack of self-confidence

– Doing unpleasant things as a way to obtain the approval and

– support of others

– Feelings of helplessness when alone because of fears of being unable to care for self

– Urgently seeking new relationship when one ends

– Preoccupation with fears of having to take care of self

OBSSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 (or more) of the following:

– Preoccupation with rules, details, and organization to the extent that the point of an activity is lost

– Extreme perfectionism interferes with task completion

– Excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure and friendships

– Inflexibility about morals and values

– Difficulty discarding worthless items

– Reluctance to delegate unless others conform to one’s standards

– Miserliness in spending: Money to be hoarded for future catastrophes

– Rigidity and stubbornness