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Page 1: Overview of GEOE 112 Content

  • Section A:

    • Physical Africa

      • Location, political, relief & drainage

      • Africa's climate: regions & vegetation

      • Africa's developing economies

      • Dynamics of population geography

      • Elementary cartography

    • Section B: RSA

      • Physical RSA (location, relief, drainage)

      • RSA’s climate (regions, vegetation, settlements)

      • RSA’s economic resources (agriculture, minerals, water)

      • Statistical graphs (line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts)

Page 2: Geographical Overview of Africa

  • Physical Africa:

    • Area: 30.37 million km² (2nd largest continent)

    • Largest country: Algeria

    • Smallest country: Seychelles

    • Northerly point: Ras ben Sakka (Tunisia)

    • Westerly point: Cape Verde (near Senegal)

    • Easterly point: Ras Hafun (Somalia)

    • Southerly point: Cape Agulhas

    • 38 countries with coastlines, 16 landlocked countries

Page 3: Africa's Main Regions

  • North Africa: 6 countries (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Western Sahara)

  • West Africa: 18 countries (e.g., Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria)

  • Central Africa: 6 countries (e.g., Central African Republic, Congo)

  • East Africa: 14 countries (e.g., Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda)

  • Southern Africa: 10 countries (e.g., South Africa, Zambia)

Page 4: Africa's Region Examples

  • Regions Overview:

    • Egypt in North Africa, Benin in West Africa, Congo in Central Africa, Ethiopia in East Africa, South Africa in Southern Africa

Page 5: Physical Characteristics of Africa

  • Equator: Divides Africa into North (up to 37°N) and South (up to 35°S)

  • Latitudinal range: 20°E to 15°W

  • 22% of the world's land area; 90% of the population lives on 21% of the land

  • Total population: 1,308,502,479 (worldometers 2018)

Page 6: Geological Features of Africa

  • Overview of major physical features including mountains, rivers, and deserts

Page 8: Continental Drift

  • Pangaea breakdown over 200 million years ago; movement towards the equator

  • Dominant divergent forces shaping the landscape like the Great Escarpment

Page 9-10: The Plateau Continent

  • Africa as a plateau with varied surface heights (600m to 2600m in Maluti mountains)

  • Erosion and sediment redistribution describe landforms like inselbergs

Page 12-13: Folded Mountains

  • Formation of Atlas mountains and Cape fold mountains, geological history

  • Differences in timelines and formation

Page 15: Basins and Draining

  • Description of shallow basins formed by deposition of sediments

  • Prominent basins like the Congo basin and their geological significance

Page 18-20: Major Rivers of Africa

  • Nile: Longest river, vital for agriculture in Egypt

  • Congo: Central Africa’s major river; source of transport and fishing

  • Niger and Zambezi: Importance for local agriculture, power generation, and transportation

Page 21: Importance of Rivers and Lakes

  • Sources of domestic water and fishing and potential tourist attractions

Page 22-26: Tectonics and Natural Activity

  • East African Rift System formation and its geological implications

  • Earthquake activity and associated volcanoes

Page 27: Oil Reserves and Lake Chad

  • Significant oil production in Sub-Saharan Africa with Nigeria as a leader

  • Lake Chad and its shrinking size due to human activity

Page 28-29: Deserts and Lakes Formation

  • Sahara's vast expanse and dynamics of desert formation through erosive processes

  • Types of lakes in Africa and their formation due to geological processes.

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