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Page 1: Overview of GEOE 112 Content

• Section A:

  • Physical Africa

    • Location, political, relief & drainage

    • Africa's climate: regions & vegetation

    • Africa's developing economies

    • Dynamics of population geography

    • Elementary cartography

  • Section B: RSA

    • Physical RSA (location, relief, drainage)

    • RSA’s climate (regions, vegetation, settlements)

    • RSA’s economic resources (agriculture, minerals, water)

    • Statistical graphs (line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts)

Page 2: Geographical Overview of Africa

• Physical Africa:

  • Area: 30.37 million km² (2nd largest continent)

  • Largest country: Algeria

  • Smallest country: Seychelles

  • Northerly point: Ras ben Sakka (Tunisia)

  • Westerly point: Cape Verde (near Senegal)

  • Easterly point: Ras Hafun (Somalia)

  • Southerly point: Cape Agulhas

  • 38 countries with coastlines, 16 landlocked countries

Page 3: Africa's Main Regions

• North Africa: 6 countries (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Western Sahara)

• West Africa: 18 countries (e.g., Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria)

• Central Africa: 6 countries (e.g., Central African Republic, Congo)

• East Africa: 14 countries (e.g., Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda)

• Southern Africa: 10 countries (e.g., South Africa, Zambia)

Page 4: Africa's Region Examples

• Regions Overview:

  • Egypt in North Africa, Benin in West Africa, Congo in Central Africa, Ethiopia in East Africa, South Africa in Southern Africa

Page 5: Physical Characteristics of Africa

• Equator: Divides Africa into North (up to 37°N) and South (up to 35°S)

• Latitudinal range: 20°E to 15°W

• 22% of the world's land area; 90% of the population lives on 21% of the land

• Total population: 1,308,502,479 (worldometers 2018)

Page 6: Geological Features of Africa

• Overview of major physical features including mountains, rivers, and deserts

Page 8: Continental Drift

• Pangaea breakdown over 200 million years ago; movement towards the equator

• Dominant divergent forces shaping the landscape like the Great Escarpment

Page 9-10: The Plateau Continent

• Africa as a plateau with varied surface heights (600m to 2600m in Maluti mountains)

• Erosion and sediment redistribution describe landforms like inselbergs

Page 12-13: Folded Mountains

• Formation of Atlas mountains and Cape fold mountains, geological history

• Differences in timelines and formation

Page 15: Basins and Draining

• Description of shallow basins formed by deposition of sediments

• Prominent basins like the Congo basin and their geological significance

Page 18-20: Major Rivers of Africa

• Nile: Longest river, vital for agriculture in Egypt

• Congo: Central Africa’s major river; source of transport and fishing

• Niger and Zambezi: Importance for local agriculture, power generation, and transportation

Page 21: Importance of Rivers and Lakes

• Sources of domestic water and fishing and potential tourist attractions

Page 22-26: Tectonics and Natural Activity

• East African Rift System formation and its geological implications

• Earthquake activity and associated volcanoes

Page 27: Oil Reserves and Lake Chad

• Significant oil production in Sub-Saharan Africa with Nigeria as a leader

• Lake Chad and its shrinking size due to human activity

Page 28-29: Deserts and Lakes Formation

• Sahara's vast expanse and dynamics of desert formation through erosive processes

• Types of lakes in Africa and their formation due to geological processes.