Glycolysis

Pyruvate → the end product of glycolysis

Aerobic → needs O2

Anaerobic → without O2

Glycolysis I → energy-consuming phase where glucose is broken down and 2 ATPs are used

Glycolysis II → rearrange into glycolysis by knocking off 6 hydrogens and producing 4 ATP

Ethanol → made through the anaerobic pathway in plants

Lactate → made through the anaerobic pathway in animals

Acetyl-CoA → made in the aerobic oxidation pathway in anything w/ mitochondria

pyruvate oxidation → a reaction in which pyruvate is oxidized by NAD+, and CO2 is removed, forming an acetyl group and releasing NADH

  • I can list the inputs and outputs of glycolysis and give an overview of the two stages of glycolysis

Glycolysis 1:

  • glucose is ripped in half → this takes energy

  • OUTPUT: 2 ATP are consumed

Glycolysis 2:

  • rearrange it into pyruvate

  • some hydrogens are knocked off

  • produces energy

  • OUTPUT: 6 hydrogens = creation of 2 NADH AND 2 H2O

  • INPUT: 4 ATP gained

  • I can compare the three possible pathways for pyruvate

Anaerobic - lactic acid fermentation

Aerobic Oxidation -pyruvate oxidation

Anaerobic - alcoholic fermentation

in animals

in anything w/ mitochondria

in plants

O2 is present

O2 not present

O2 is present

pyruvate → Lactate

  • this happens because NADH donates its electrons to pyruvate and becomes NAD+

pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA

  • pyruvate enters mitochondria and is converted into acetyl-CoA

    • CoA-SH breaks off CO2 & adds itself where it was

  • this generates CO2 and NADH

pyruvate → Ethanol

  • CO2 is released during decarboxylation

  • NADH is oxidized back to NAD+