Money and Inflation

Feedback and Test 3

  • Feedback is valued; a code will be provided to log on and answer questions about paper preferences.
  • Test 3 will be on Thursday at 6 PM, covering Topic 9 and Topics 7 and 8.

Introduction to Money

  • The lecture will cover the topic of money and inflation.
  • The goal is to potentially change students' perceptions about money.

What is Money?

  • Money is defined as any set of assets that people regularly use to purchase goods and services.

Barter System

  • Before money, people used the barter system, which requires a double coincidence of wants, where both parties must want what the other possesses.
  • Barter is inefficient due to search costs involved in finding someone with matching wants.

Functions of Money

  • Medium of Exchange: An asset used to facilitate transactions.
  • Unit of Account: A standard unit for measuring value (e.g., the New Zealand dollar).
  • Store of Value: An asset that maintains its value over time.

Types of Money

Commodity Money

  • Has intrinsic value and can be used for other purposes (e.g., gold).

Fiat Money

  • Declared legal tender by a central authority and has no intrinsic value (e.g., banknotes).

Commodity Money Examples

  • Examples include Roman gold coins, sugar, silver bracelets, salt, shells, and large stones.
  • A cabbage was given as a negative example, due to not being a reliable store of value because it rots quickly.

Cryptocurrencies

  • Cryptocurrencies have a decentralized and hidden ownership.
  • They are still not credible stores of value due to volatility.

Characteristics of Money

  • Fungible: Easily broken down into smaller parts.
  • Non-Consumable: Does not get used up.
  • Portable: Easy to carry.
  • Durable: Long-lasting.
  • Decentralized: Not controlled by a central authority.

Money Supply

  • Economists consider currency and demand deposits in banks as money in an economy.
  • Most money is held in financial intermediaries, with currency usage declining but still important for situations like blocked accounts or cash transactions.