TTAcademy- Science of Tajweed Practice Flashcards

Linguistic definition: Betterment or improvement.
Applied definition: It is to articulate each letter from its makhraj (articulation point) by giving it its due rights and characteristics.
Rights of a letter: These are the required characteristics of a letter that never leave it; they are always present within it.
Dues of a letter: These are characteristics of a letter that are present in it at certain times and not present at other times.

The Theme of Tajweed: The science addresses the words of the holy Quran and also some narrations of the Prophet (peace and salutations be upon him), as his narrations are considered a type of revelation.
The Benefits of Tajweed: The primary benefit is preserving the tongue from making any kind of mistake when reading the Quran.
Methods of Tongue Preservation: * Knowledge of the articulation points of letters. * Knowledge of the characteristics and attributes of letters. * Knowledge of what rule changes occur in letters. * Consistent practice and a high volume of repetition.
Precedence: It is considered one of the most honored and best of sciences because of its direct relationship to Allah’s word.
Placement within the Sciences: It is categorized as one of the Islamic law sciences related to the holy Quran.

The Founders of Tajweed: * Practical point of view: The rule settler is the Prophet (peace and salutations be upon him). The Quran was revealed to him with tajweed, and he read it with tajweed. He was taught directly by Jibril (peace be upon him). * Scientific/Theoretical point of view: The rule settlers are the scholars of Quranic sciences, such as Abu Ubaid al Qassim bin Salam [died 325].
Derivation: All rules covered in the science of tajweed are derived from the way the Prophet (peace be upon him) read the Quran, as well as how his companions, their descendants, and those with a connected and authentic chain of recitation to the Prophet (peace be upon him) read it.

Rulings on Tajweed: The science is divided into two categories: * The Theory: Knowing the rules written by scholars in tajweed books. The ruling is Fardh Kifayah (collective duty). It is obligatory on the Muslim community; if enough people know it, it is not obligatory for others. If no one in the community knows it, it becomes obligatory for everyone. * The Application: Reading the Quran with tajweed exactly as it was revealed to the Prophet. The ruling is Fardh Ayn (individual duty), making it obligatory for every single Muslim to read with tajweed.
Topics of Tajweed: This includes all rules set down by scholars of recitation, such as the rules of madd (prolongation), Qasr (shortening), and the rules of noon Sakinah.

Agreement with the Arabic Language: For example, in the word فَعْضَ, the letter ض is pronounced voweled with fatiha or dammah.
Agreement with Othmanic Writing: The recitation must match the calligraphy/script used during the ruling of Othman Bin Affan. The recitation must agree with what is written in the Quran script, whether it is actual or allows for varying recitations (e.g., مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ which is read with alif while the script allows for the two recitings).
Correct Chain: The recitation must be linked through a continuous chain to the Prophet Mohamed (peace and salutations be upon him) and therefore to Allah.

1. Tahqeeq (التَّحْقِيقُ): This is the slowest form of recitation. It is performed with calmness, reflection, and a measured pace. It is the most appropriate level for teaching purposes and is characterized by perfect pronunciation, giving every letter its full right and due without addition or omission.
2. Hadr (الْحَدْرُ): This is the fastest form of recitation. While fast, it must still adhere to the rules of Tajweed. The reciter must be cautious not to omit elongations (madd), nasal sounds (ghunnah), or blur the vowels.
3. Tadweer (التَّدْوِيرُ): This is a moderate pace that sits between Tahqeeq and Hadr. It is recited with calmness and fluency, successfully combining correctness with speed.
The Concept of Tarteel (التَّرْتِيلُ): Tarteel does not refer to a specific speed level but describes the style of recitation that adheres to the rules of Tajweed regardless of pace. * According to a narration by Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the verse "…and recite the Qur’an with measured recitation" (Surah Al-Muzzammil), he said: "It means to pronounce the letters clearly and to know where to stop." * Tarteel must accompany all levels (Tahqiq, Hadr, or Tadweer).

Definition of Lahn: A mistake or deviation from correctness in reciting the Noble Qur'an.
1. Apparent Error (اللحنُ الجلي): * Definition: An obvious and clear error in the pronunciation of words that is noticeable to those familiar with Arabic, whether it changes the meaning or not. * Why it is called "Apparent": It is evident and recognized by both Tajweed experts and non-experts. * Occurrence: Can occur in words (الكلمات), vowel marks (الحركات), or letters (الحروف). * Ruling: It is unanimously forbidden (ḥarām) if done intentionally. * If done out of forgetfulness/ignorance due to negligence or refusal to learn, the sin remains. * If the person is genuinely unaware and striving to learn, the sin may be lifted.
2. Hidden Error (اللحنُ الخفي): * Definition: A subtle mistake in pronunciation that does not noticeably affect the words and is only detectable by Tajweed experts. * Why it is called "Hidden": Only Tajweed scholars can recognize it. * Examples: Neglecting qalqalah (echoing sound), failing to properly elongate madd (prolongation), or incorrectly applying lightness/heaviness in sounds. * Ruling: Scholars are not in total agreement, with views ranging between forbidden and hated. However, if the reciter commits a hidden error intentionally, it is haram.