Organic Structures

If it has an OH, it has an "ol" ending

Important Stuff

• Find the longest chain for the base name "i.e. propane has three carbons in a line, but could also have a carbon branch, making it 2-Methyl propane"

• Number carbons from side that gives branches lower numbers or double bond lowest number

• Use mono, di, tri, tetra for molecules that have more than one identical branch

• Multiple bonds are always included in longest chain

4,4-dimethyl-2-octyne has 8 carbons in a line, with a double bond between the 2nd and 3rd and carbons coming off the fourth Carbon in alternating directions.

Structural Isomers

What are they? Same formula, different connectivity.

Molecules can have the same formula, yet have different structures.

CH4 (methane) doesn't have a structural isomer - because it's a tetrahedral and it can't be really rearranged.

C2H6 (ethane) doesn't have structural isomers - because it's two tetrahedrals and you can't really change it up

C3H8 (propane) - three tetrahedrals

C4H10 has two structural isomers.

• It could be a straight line

• It could be three carbons and a methyl (2-methyl propane)

C5H12 has multiple structural isomers.

• It could be a straight line (again)

• It could have 4 carbons and a methyl on 2 (2-methyl butane)

• It could have 3 carbons and two methyls on 2 (2,2-dimethyl propane)

C6H14 has multiple structural isomers.

• It could be a straight line with 6 carbons.

• It could have two methyls coming off the 2nd and 3rd carbons.

• It could have two methyls on the 2nd carbon.

• It could have a methyl off the third carbon.

Functional Isomers

Hydrocarbons are typically just fuels. They're entirely made up of carbons and hydrogens in a straight line.

R = hydrocarbon (hydrogens and carbons together - like propane, butane)