UNIT-09B-Test-of-Intelligence e

PSYCH 107: Psychological Assessment

  • Unit 9.2: Test of Intelligence

  • Department: Psychology | Cebu Normal University

  • Instructors: Dr. Eva Marie P. Gacasan, Dr. Gwendelina A. Villarante

Module Overview

  • This module provides:

    • Background on commonly used intelligence tests.

    • Historical context and evolution of these tests.

    • Advantages and disadvantages of intelligence testing.

    • Examination of various abilities that intelligence tests aim to measure.

Learning Outcomes

  • Students will be able to:

    • Explain various perspectives of intelligence.

    • Describe methods of measuring intelligence.

    • Address issues surrounding intelligence assessment.

    • Evaluate at least one intelligence test.

Development of Intelligence Tests

  • A test developer's conception of intelligence is fundamental to test creation.

    • Influences include:

      • Theoretical framework.

      • Content and format of the items.

      • Scoring and interpretation methods.

      • Date for revisions.

Key Considerations in Test Development

  • When creating intelligence tests consider:

    • Underlying theory or model.

    • Administration ease.

    • Scoring simplicity.

    • Interpretation of results.

    • Norms and their relevance.

    • Published reliability and validity.

    • Cost-benefit analysis of the test's utility.

    • Additional considerations based on specific needs.

Primary Mental Abilities Test

  • Developer: Louis Thurstone (1938)

  • Purpose: Measure primary mental abilities

    • Includes:

      • Verbal meaning

      • Perceptual speed

      • Reasoning

      • Number facility

      • Rote memory

      • Word fluency

      • Spatial relations

  • Legacy: Inspired further exploration in intelligence measurement.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

  • 1905 Version: Binet-Simon Scale

    • Developers: Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon

    • Design: Screen for developmental disabilities in children.

    • Significance: First formal intelligence test.

  • Evolution:

    • 1908: International adaptation begins.

    • 1912: Expansion of age range down to 3 months.

Stanford-Binet Editions Overview

  • 1916 Version (1st edition):

    • Developed by Lewis Terman; included new items and methodologies.

    • Introduced the concept of IQ.

  • 1937 Version (2nd edition):

    • Expanded to two equivalent forms; enhanced validity and reliability.

  • 1960 & 1972 Versions: Refined scoring methods; raised concerns about sample representativeness.

Major Changes in 1986

  • 4th Edition: Shift in theoretical organization and administration methods.

  • Adopted a point scale rather than age scale; incorporated the Cattell-Horn model.

2003 Version: Stanford-Binet 5th Edition

  • Design: For ages 2 to over 85.

  • Composites include: Full Scale IQ, Abbreviated Battery IQ, Verbal IQ, and Nonverbal IQ.

  • Considerations for standardization included demographic diversity and specific exclusions for sample integrity.

  • Psychometric Soundness: High reliability coefficients noted, strong correlation with achievement measures.

Wechsler Tests

  • Developer: David Wechsler.

  • Target Population: Individuals from preschool to adulthood.

  • Known for comprehensive item categories.

Wechsler Test Subtests

  • Lists of common Wechsler subtests:

    • Receptive, Picture Naming, Digit Span, Letter-Number Sequencing, Picture Completion, Block Design, Object Assembly, Coding, and many others.

  • Emphasis on both verbal and nonverbal tasks, allowing a broader assessment of intelligence.

Versions of Wechsler Tests

  • W-B, WAIS, WAIS-R, WAIS-III, WAIS-IV updates detailed for improvements in clarity, administration, and psychometric properties.

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)

  • Original version launched in 1967 focusing on younger children; updated in 1989 and 2002 to enhance item variety and developmental tracking.

Special and Group Tests

  • Overview of various tests developed for individual or group administration, highlighting military applications and educational testing.

Specific Abilities Testing

  • Tests designed for assessing specific intellectual abilities, such as creativity tests, are distinct from traditional intelligence measures.

Creativity in Intelligence Assessment

  • Creativity characteristics: originality, fluency, flexibility, elaboration.

  • Guildford's distinction between convergent and divergent thinking.

References

  • Main text: Cohen, R. J. & Swerdlik, M. E. (2018). Psychological Testing and Assessment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.