Abdellah-King
Faye Abdellah
Lifespan: March 13, 1919 - February 24, 2017
Career Highlights:
Pioneer in nursing research who developed 21 Nursing Problems.
First nurse and woman to serve as Deputy Surgeon General.
Shifted focus from disease-centered to patient-centered care.
Developed Patient Assessment of Care Evaluation (PACE).
Published works: "Better Nursing Care through Nursing Research" and "Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing".
21 Nursing Problems Theory
Originated in the 1960s, emphasizing a patient-centered approach.
Nursing defined as the integration of art and science aimed at helping individuals cope with health needs.
Key tenets:
Address interconnected social issues impacting health (e.g., poverty, racism).
Advocate for nursing education reform and ongoing professional development.
11 Nursing Skills
Observation of health status
Communication skills
Application of knowledge
Patient and family education
Work organization
Resource utilization
Problem-solving
Leadership and delegation
Therapeutic use of self
Nursing procedures
Personal resource management
Major Concepts of the 21 Nursing Problems
Categorized into three areas:
Physical, Sociological, Emotional Needs
Interpersonal Relationships
Common Elements of Patient Care
Based on Henderson’s 14 Basic Human Needs.
Patient Care Needs
Basic Needs: Hygiene, physical comfort, safety, body mechanics.
Sustenance: Oxygen, nutrition, elimination, fluid balance.
Remedial Needs: Emotional expression, communication, interpersonal relationships.
Restorative Needs: Accepting limitations, community resource utilization.
Problem Solving in Nursing
Steps:
Identify the problem
Gather data
Formulate hypotheses
Collect data to test hypotheses
Adjust hypotheses as needed
Metaparadigm in Nursing
Individual/Person: Unique needs and holistic approach to care.
Health: Aim to address total health needs and promote balanced health.
Environment: Focus on societal influences at various levels.
Nursing: Identify and address both overt and covert health issues.
Application in Research, Education, and Practice
Research: Focus on nursing knowledge and patient problem identification.
Education: Transition from medical concepts to patient-centered approaches.
Clinical Practice: Adapt problem-solving frameworks to enhance patient care and health outcomes.
Ernestine Wiedenbach
Lifespan: 1900 - 1998
Legacy: Defined nursing art through deliberative action.
Education: BA from Wellesley College, BS in Nursing from Johns Hopkins.
Nursing Actions per Wiedenbach
Rational Response: Analyzed clinical judgment.
Reactionary Response: Immediate actions in emergencies.
Deliberate Response: Methodical and goal-oriented planning.
Four Components of Nursing Practice
Identify help needed.
Provide necessary assistance.
Validate effectiveness of help.
Coordinate resources.
Lydia Hall
Lifespan: 1906 - 1969
Major Contributions: Developed the Care, Core, and Cure Model, which emphasizes the holistic experience of the patient through three interrelated components:
Care: Represents the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the patient.
Core: Focuses on the patient’s psychological/inner self.
Cure: Involves the scientific knowledge applied to health care.
Joyce Travelbee
Lifespan: 1924 - 1973
Major Contributions: Known for her Human-to-Human Relationship Theory, emphasizing the importance of communication and emotional connections in patient care. Her significant events include developing the theory while working with psychiatric patients, where she highlighted the nurse's role in alleviating suffering through effective communication.
Roper, Logan, and Tierney
Significance: Developed the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) Model, which focuses on the individual's ability to perform daily activities and the impact of health on these activities. The model categorizes 12 activities that nurses can assess and assist patients with, allowing for a holistic evaluation of care.
Ida Jean Orlando Pelletier
Lifespan: 1926 - 2007
Major Contributions: Developed the Deliberative Nursing Process Theory, which highlights the nurse's role in identifying patient needs and providing individualized care. Significant events during her life included her experience as a psychiatric nurse which shaped her focus on the importance of understanding patient responses.
Jean Watson
Lifespan: Born 1940
Major Contributions: Known for her Theory of Human Caring, which emphasizes the importance of caring in nursing. She argues that caring and the nurse-patient relationship are essential for healing. Significant events include her work in establishing programs centered on human caring in nursing education.
Madeleine Leininger
Lifespan: 1925 - 2012
Major Contributions: Developed Transcultural Nursing Theory, highlighting the need for culturally competent care. She paved the way for understanding the impact of culture on health care practices. Significant events include her establishment of the first graduate program in transcultural nursing.
Dorothea Orem
Lifespan: 1914 - 2007
Major Contributions: Creator of the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, focusing on patients' ability to perform self-care in maintaining health. Significant events include her extensive work in nursing education and publications that influenced nursing curricula.
Martha Rogers
Lifespan: 1914 - 1994
Major Contributions: Developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings, which posits that humans and their environment are integral and interlinked energy fields. Significant events include her writings that have influenced nursing theory and education worldwide.
Imogene King
Lifespan: 1923 - 2007
Major Contributions: Known for her Goal Attainment Theory, focusing on mutual goal setting between nurse and patient. Significant events include her involvement in the development of nursing curricula and her role in professional nursing organizations advocating for nursing practice with defined goals.
Lydia Hall
Lifespan: 1906 - 1969
Major Contributions: Developed the Care, Core, and Cure Model, which emphasizes the holistic experience of the patient through three interrelated components:
Care: Represents the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the patient.
Core: Focuses on the patient’s psychological/inner self.
Cure: Involves the scientific knowledge applied to health care.
Joyce Travelbee
Lifespan: 1924 - 1973
Major Contributions: Known for her Human-to-Human Relationship Theory, emphasizing the importance of communication and emotional connections in patient care. Her significant events include developing the theory while working with psychiatric patients, where she highlighted the nurse's role in alleviating suffering through effective communication.
Roper, Logan, and Tierney
Significance: Developed the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) Model, which focuses on the individual's ability to perform daily activities and the impact of health on these activities. The model categorizes 12 activities that nurses can assess and assist patients with, allowing for a holistic evaluation of care.
Ida Jean Orlando Pelletier
Lifespan: 1926 - 2007
Major Contributions: Developed the Deliberative Nursing Process Theory, which highlights the nurse's role in identifying patient needs and providing individualized care. Significant events during her life included her experience as a psychiatric nurse which shaped her focus on the importance of understanding patient responses.
Jean Watson
Lifespan: Born 1940
Major Contributions: Known for her Theory of Human Caring, which emphasizes the importance of caring in nursing. She argues that caring and the nurse-patient relationship are essential for healing. Significant events include her work in establishing programs centered on human caring in nursing education.
Madeleine Leininger
Lifespan: 1925 - 2012
Major Contributions: Developed Transcultural Nursing Theory, highlighting the need for culturally competent care. She paved the way for understanding the impact of culture on health care practices. Significant events include her establishment of the first graduate program in transcultural nursing.
Dorothea Orem
Lifespan: 1914 - 2007
Major Contributions: Creator of the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, focusing on patients' ability to perform self-care in maintaining health. Significant events include her extensive work in nursing education and publications that influenced nursing curricula.
Martha Rogers
Lifespan: 1914 - 1994
Major Contributions: Developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings, which posits that humans and their environment are integral and interlinked energy fields. Significant events include her writings that have influenced nursing theory and education worldwide.
Imogene King
Lifespan: 1923 - 2007
Major Contributions: Known for her Goal Attainment Theory, focusing on mutual goal setting between nurse and patient. Significant events include her involvement in the development of nursing curricula and her role in professional nursing organizations advocating for nursing practice with defined goals.