WGU s3: skeletal system

Osteoblasts - Form bone

Osteocytes - Maintain bone, immune sys part of bone

Osteogenic cell - Create Osteoblasts

OsteoClasts - eat the bone when needed

Compact bone

Spongy bone

  • trabeculae

CARTILAGE

  • Hyaline - most common, smooth, strong and flexible(COMBO)

  • Fibro - TOUGH cartilage, thick bundles of collagen

  • Elastic - a little stretchy, like the ear lobes

Diaphysis - middle bone

  • part of diaphysis is the medullary cavity which is filled with yellow marrow

  • walls are just compact bone

Epiphysis - ends of bone

  • spongy bone with red marrow

  • when meet another bone, covered with articular cartilage

Metaphysis^ is the meeting point between those two

Periosteum - membrane covering the bone

Flat bones are just periosteum > compact bone > spongy

Axial and appendicular skeleton

Long bone - Cylinder

Short bone - Cube-like

Flat bone - typically thin and curved

Irregular bone - irregular and complex shape. unlike any other bone

Sesamoid bone - shaped like a sesame seed

Articulation - where two bone surfaces come together

Projection - an area in the bone that projects above the surface of a bone

SKULL

Cranium

Mandible - lower jaw

ORBIT - eyeball socket

Ethmoid bone - upper nasal septum

Vomer bone - lower nasal septum

CRANIUM

  • Parietal bone - forms top lateral sides of skull

  • Temporal bone - far lateral sides of skull    

  • Frontal bone - The forehead bone

  • Occipital bone - the back of the head; concussion for me

  • Sphenoid bone - complex bone in the central skull(middle of eye socket)

FACIAL(nasal septum/orbit)

  • Maxillary bone - upper jaw, part of nose, under eye sockets

  • Palatine bone - bottom of nasal and back of roof of mouth

  • Zygomatic bone - cheekbone, side of eye

  • Nasal bone - form bridge of nose

  • Lacrimal bone - small bone under eye socket that helps with tears and sinus drainage and stuff

MANDIBLE - jaw

PARANASAL SINUSES

  • Frontal sinus - top above eyes

  • sphenoid sinus and ethmoid air cells - between eyes

  • Maxillary sinus- under eye sockets

Hyoid - U shaped throat bone

Vertebral column

-starts as 33 vertebrae, develops into 24

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, Then the sacrum(pelvis) and Coccyx(bootyhole)

ThorACIC CAGE

  • sternum looks like suit and tie > Manubrium+body

    • XIphoid process is that wierd tip of the sternum that sticks out a lil

  • Ribs

Pectoral GIrdle - shoulder

  • clavicle - collarbone

  • Scapula - shoulder blade/uper back

ARM

  • humerus - upper arm bone

  • ulna - medial side of forearm, is the bone in the elbow which is called the olecranon process

  • Radius - thumb side of forearm

HAND

  • Carpals - wrist and beginning of hand

  • metacarpals -

  • Phalanges(phalanx) - fingers and thumb

Pelvic girdle(hip bone/ COXAL bone)

  • Ilium - That bony hip part

  • Ischium - the butt part

  • pubis - the front part where the penis is

LEGGGGGGGG

  • Femur - the thigh bone (also has the head and neck of femur at 90 degree angle)

  • Patella - kneecap

  • tibia - big shin bone(inside of leg)

  • fibula - small shin bone lateral to tibia(outside of leg)

Foot

  • tarsals

  • metatarsals

  • phalanges

JOINTS - aka an articulation

  • Fibrous joint - united by fibrous connective tissue - Symphasis

  • Cartilaginous joint - joined by hyaline or fibrocartilage

  • Synovial joint - lube fluid

  • SYNARthrosis - stone cold cant move

  • Amphiarthrosis - joint with limited mobility

  • DIARthrosis - full mobility

Elbow and knee - Hinge joints

Shoulder and hip - Ball and SOcket

TYpes of SYNOVIAL Joints

  • Plane - Gliding movements

  • Hinge - elbows and knees, single axis

  • condylar - base of fingers… allows the fourmain movement types

  • Pivot

  • ball-and-socket - shoulder and hip

  • saddle - base of thumb.. joint looks like someone sitting on a saddle

BURSA is the sack that holds synovial fluid

Osteocyte cells are the ones trapped within the bone matrix