Social Unit
Asch: Conformity was notably studied by Solomon Asch in the Asch Line Experiments. In these
experiments, participants shown a series of lines were asked to identify which line matched the
length of a sample line. However, the participants were surrounded by confederates (people
who were in on the study) who purposely gave incorrect answers.
Milgram: Milgram shock experiments assigned participants to the role of "teacher,” in which they were instructed to administer electric shocks to a "learner" whenever the learner answered questions incorrectly.
Zimbrado: Stanford prison experiment run by Philip Zimbardo. A group of volunteers
from the public was randomly split into “prisoners” and “guards.” Zimbardo reported that in as
little as a few days, “guards” participated in sadistic and brutal behavior toward “prisoners,”
and the experiment was halted on the sixth day. Due to the short duration, lack of controls, and
questionable ethics, the conclusions of the study are highly in doubt, but many see it as
evidence that individuals will quickly conform to “roles” expected by a group, even if those
roles conflict with their normal morals and behaviors.
Bandura: Demonstrated children’s capacity for observational (social) learning. Bandura’s research showed the importance of observed experience on child development.
Festinger
Group Think: Desire for Harmony outweighs being individually correct
Group Polarization: Enhances groups prevailing attitudes through discussion and strengthens prevailing opinions
Prejudice
Altruism: Helping for the sake of Helping
Aggression: Frustration Aggression Principle
Love
Proximity
Reciprocity
Mere Exposure Effect
Similar
Love Triangle