Spanish Study notes

Preterite- happens once or actions that have already been completed

For example:

• Yo tomé leche esta mañana. ("I drank milk this morning.")

• Ellos caminaron en la tarde. ("They walked in the afternoon.")

• Nosotros llegamos tarde anoche. ("We arrived late last night.")

person conjugations - yo,tu,el/el, nosotros , ustedes /ellos

AR e, aste, o , amos , aron

ER/IR - I , iste, imos, ieron

Imperfect- describe actions that happened in the past, especially habits and descriptions. It can also refer to actions that happened repeatedly. (happens through the timeline)

For example: Cuando vivia en Colombia, viajaba a la playa en vaccaciones

Accent mark-

constant - anything other than an a, e, I , o ,u.

agudas: if the word's last syllable (or the 1st, counting from the back) is the strongest, it is called palabra aguda.

Rules: if the work ends with a consonant other than an -N or -S, the stress automatically falls on the syllable and doesn’t need an accent mark

words require an accent mark when they end in -N, -S, or a vowel

For example: can-TAR , in-GLES , pa-PEL

Llanas/graves : if the second syllable (or the 2nd counting from the back) of the work is the strongest, it is called a palabra grave or llana

example: GA-to , LA-piz , SI-lla , AR-bol

rules: if the word ends in -N, -S, or a vowel the stress automatically falls on the second to last syllable and doesn’t need a written accent

example: As-pi-RI-na , AN-tes , Ma-es-tra , a-BRI-go

these words require an accent mark when they end in a constant OTHER than -N or -S

for example: FUT-bol , SUE-ter , FA-cil\

Esdrujulas - if the 3rd syllable, counting from the back, is the strongest, it is a palabra esdurjula

Rules: these words will ALWAYS require a written accent mark

for example: te-LE-fo-no , MIER- co-les , es-TO-ma-go

Direct/indirect objects -

direct object: Direct objects receive the action of a verb. A direct object is a noun or pronoun that directly receives the action of a verb

ask yourself, “ To/for what is the action being done?” to get the direct object. which will be placed AfTER the conjugated verb

direct object pronouns: me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las

examples :

question: Cuando te pones los zapatos? (despues de ponserse las calcentines)

answer: me los pongo despues de ponermelos

Juan cocinó la torta = Juan la cocinó

“Torta” receives the action of the verb “cocinar.”

Pepe besó a Lisa. = Pepe la besó

Lisa receives the action of the verb “La”

Indirect objects: Indirect objects receive the e action indirectly. Indirect object pronouns are me, te, le, nos, os, less. To identify indirect objects in Spanish, you need to ask two questions:

1. To/for whom is the action being done?

2. To/for what is the action being done?

The answer to the first question will give you the indirect object pronoun, which will be placed before the conjugated verb.

For example, in the sentence "Juan le dio un regalo a su hermana" (Juan gave a gift to his sister), "le" is the indirect object pronoun, and "un regalo" is the direct object. The action is being done to Juan's sister (indirect object) and the gift is what is being given (direct object).

reflexive verbs- verbs that are being done for yourself

for example: despertarse, maquillarse, dormirse