Rhetorical Terms AP Lang

Logos

Pathos

Ethos

Loose Sentence Structure: Normal

Periodic Sentence Structure 

= Yoda talk 

Ex: Luke, your name is. 

Parallel Structure/Parallelism:

Repeating word sounds or phrases, I have a dream. Or when every verb in senetcence has the same conjugation. A structural similarity.

Repetition: Exact word repetition verbatim.

Euphony: Words sound pleasant together

The lovely mother sings a silent melody. 

Cacophony: Sounds harsh together

That fat, old, wrinkled monster clanked and cried as he lurched.  

Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds near each other

Ye Flee and be free 

Alliteration: Repetition of letter sounds near the beginning 

Big back bird for brains 

Consonance: Repetition of consonant sounds near each other 

Pick a pack of pickled peppers 

Anaphora: Repetition of the first word or phrase at the beginning of consecutive sentences.

I have a dream. 

Ellipsis: … or …. For when smth is implied

Juxtaposition: Putting two contradictory things next to each other, Cinderella gown vs rags 

Asyndeton: Omission of conjunctions ex; I came, I saw, I conquered (No and)

Apostrophe: To address someone who is not present

Metonymy: A word or phrase that is replaced by something closely related to it. The crown=King, white house - the president 

Allusion: To allude to or reference

Allegory: Physical symbolism of something abstract or intangible

Euphemism: Replacing something that might be seen as offensive to the reader with something less offensive

Onomatopoeia: Words that sound like their meaning

BANG

Imagery: The use of vivid language to represent objects, actions, or ideas

Hyperbole: Stating the obvious/exaggeration

Understatement: Making a big deal seem small

Litotes: An idea is expressed by the negative of its opposite. He’s not bad

Oxymoron: A Combination of contrasating words, Ex: Jumbo Shrimp, Student Teacher

Paradox: Something that seems impossible but is nonetheless true. “This statement is false.” 

Montage: A series of images or ideas in a text

Epithet: Hyphenated adjective

Malapropism: Mispronunciation of a word

Didactic: Teaching Tone

Exegesis: Deep interpretation or analysis of a text

Invective: Using harsh language to insult or attack someone

Exigence: The reason why the author decided to write (often a problem or issue)

Elliptical Structure: The omission of words from a sentence that can be understood based on context.

Expose: To expose an issue (often tied to exigence)

Restatement: To rewrite the thesis or important ideas in different words (often in the conclusion)

Adage: Motto, parable Ex, the old adage, a broken clock is right twice a day 

Conceit: Extended metaphor

Circumlocution: Speaking around a topic but not hitting it directly, used often when speaking in other languages, like charades, but you can talk. 

Apollonian: Highlighting the noble parts of humanity – Higher thinking, literature, religion. . .

Dionysian: Highlighting the base parts of humanity – bars, sex, ext., animalistic tendencies