Exploration

14.1

Motives of Exploration- “God, Glory, Gold”

  • GOLD: Economic- new land=new market(natural and gold)

  • GOD: Religious-Because of the failures of the crusades, the missionary spirit helps drive the catholic church's support of exploration of “Religious Zeal”

  • GLORY: Social-Nationalism

A Break From Ptolemy

  • Along devastation of the Geocentric Theory of the universe, Ptomley accepted the map of world Geography grossly. Underestimized the circumference and size.

    • Portugal

      • They are driven by a missionary spirit, Prince Henry Navigator. Seek trades, and lands, make new Christian kingdoms.

        • Creates Navigation School

        • Established the African slave trade while looking for gold

      • Dias makes it to the Cape of Good Hope (tip of South Africa) but Game makes it to India

        • After a battle with Muslim traders, Portugal establishes spice trade routes and pushes further east to china.

    • Spain

      • Sought a western route to India for a new spice route

        • Isabella and Ferdinand funded his trip (Christopher Columbus) 

        • Never realized he was in America thought he was in India

      • Conquistadors turn the search for spices into the plundering go f land, Christianization, and conquest. Greatest weapon disease

        • Cortes conquered aztec

        • Pizarro conquered incas

      • Led colonization of Central and South America with all natives becoming subject to the Spanish crown

    • North America

      • Dutch made claims to NA, largely ignored, The British expelled the Dutch from New Netherland and renamed it New York.

      • By 1700 had 13 colonies.

    • France

      • Unable to compete with English, with seven-year war. French settled with having power in Canada and lands west of the Mississippi River.

Impact on the conquered

  • South+central America. Catholic spreads and former social and political structures are destroyed by mostly diseases.

    • Latin America- Multiracial society created mestizo and mulattoes.

      • Columbian exchange

      • National Rivalries

      • A new view of the world- Mercator Map

      • Belief in the European superiority

      • Growth of a world economy

        • Mercantilism, joint stock companies.