3.1

LDS -

• also called a induced dipole induced dipole

• one atom with an electron cloud creates a temporary dipole when one electrons shift to one side and creates impartial (unbalanced changes) which then creates a dipole moment in another one because the partial positive/ negative will also shift to one side

• this creates an attraction

• Polarizability: how well easy it is to polarize a molecule, which is based on the size of the electron cloud, the larger it is the higher the polarizability (associated with MOLAR MASS)

• because more mass/electrons can cause larger imbalances

• Linear: if the molecule is more linear, it has more surface area to create more dipoles, increasing LDF

• Example: n Butane (more linear) has a higher LDF than 150 Butane (less linear) since its more linear shape creates a greater surface area for dipoles AND they have the same electron could sizes.

Dipole Dipole

• attraction between 2 polar molecules

• when the partial negative of a polar molecules interactions with the partial positive of another (both are permanent)

H bonding

• when the partial positive of a hydrogen atom is attracted to a partial negative of another one

• a bond between H and a very electronegative element

• BE CAREFUL, H has to be covalently bonded to N, O, F

Ion Dipole forces