The Manipulation School

Translation is manipulation of the ST. Literature is not studied in isolation, but within its social, historical and culture context. Translation is a text type in its own right. Scholars compone and study translation, not the process of translating. Representative scholars: André Lefevere, Susan Bassnett, A.Dukate.

Books: „The Manipulation of Literature” Theo Hermans; „translation-history-culture: a sourcebook” A.Lefevere.

„The Clockwork Orange” (mechaniczna pomarańcza, nakręcana pomarańcza) Anthony Burgess, translated by Robert Stiller.

„His holiness: John Paul II & the history of our time” (Amberyzacja ojca świetego) Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, translated by Stanisław Głąbiński.