Personality - Psychology

PERSONALITY AND SELF

WHAT IS PERSONALITY?

Personality is a persons main characteristics and behavious that comprise their unique approach to life. It includes major traits, interests drives, vatuse-values, selfconcept, abilities and emotional patterns.

WHAT IS PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY?

Psychoanalytical theory was created by Bigmund Freud and centres around's p the idea that human behaviour is influenced by unconscious desires, thoughts, and memories. It has 3 main components:

1. The Structure of the mind (JD, Ego, SuperEgo) 2. Psychosexual development

3. Defense mechanisms

KEY TERMS

Temperament: Biological aspects of a person's personality such as reactivity, energy levels, and the ability to self regulate.

Trait: A stable characteristic that influences someone's behaviour and thought patters. It includes things like extroversion, conscientiousness and openness. Disposition: Refers to a person's qualities of mind and character. Includes traits, habits

and attitudes which effect a person's behaviour.

Character: Character-Moral and ethical qualities that guide a persons behaviour. It's

shaped by experiences, education and social influences. Assasciated with virtues like honesty and courage.

Habit: Aregular practice that is repeated regularly and usually subconscious.

Values: Priciples and standards that some one considers important and guides their descisions. Values usually reflecta persons culture, society, religion or personal

beliefs about what is right, important and desireable.

2

PROS

CONS

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

The Eggego uses defence mechanisms to protect itself from anxiety and conflict.

Refusing to accept reality

DENIAL

Eg, ignoring red flags in an unhealthy relationship.

DEFENSE

SUPPRESSION

The conscious hot exclusion or holding back of feelings. Eg ignoring how tired you feel and staying up all night.

MECHANISMS

ESCAPE/FANTASY

"Running away" or distracting yourself from problems through

daydreams, sleeping, videogames, books, ect.

Eg maladaptive daydreaming.

RATIONALISATION

Trying to justify your actions and find excuses.

REPRESSION

The unconscious exclusion or banishing of thoughts and feelings from the conscious.

Eg feeling numb to greif or traumatic events.

PROJECTION

Trying to protect your feelings or self-esteem by by blaming

Eg, saying its okay to be rude to someone if they did something others or attribute these unacceptable feelings to others.

that hurt you.

Eg, Saying a friend is jealous of you when you feel jealous of

others.

KEY FEATURES OF SOCIAL THEORIES

and is present from birth

THE ID: The Idis apart of the unconscious. It contains our most primitive drives or urges. It direct's impulses like hunger, thirst and sex. Freud called it th pleasure priciple? where the Id seals immediate gratification.

THE EGO: The Ego is apart of the consciousmind and is therational part of our personality. It's the part the Freud considered to be the self and is seen by others. It balances of the neats demands of the Id and Super-ego. It satisfies desires in a realistic way.

THE SUPEREGO: The Super-ego develops as a child interacts with others, learning Social rules for right and wrong. It acts as our conscience telling us how to behave. It strives for perfection and judges our behaviour leading to pride or guilt.

FREUD'S ICEBERG THEORY Freuds icebery had 3 levels.

-Conscious: thoughts and perceptions

Subconscious or preconscious: Memories and stored knowledge

-Unconscious impulses, primitive drives, fears, violent motives, irrational

and sexual desires.

wishes

CONSCIOUS

UNCONSCIOUS

FREUD'S ICEBERG THEORY

Super-ego

Ege

Id

PRECONSCIOUS