2-Do Democrats and Republicans have strongly conflicting values and policies
Do the 2 parties hold conflicting values and policies relating to moral and social policy?
Y:
Democrats are far more liberal on issues of social and moral policy that the Republican Party
There is significant conflict between the 2 parties in areas- e.g. racial minority, gender and and transgender rights, illegal drugs, immigration and police power
Republicans emphasise the need to maintain strong authority via police power, whereas Democrats tend to promote the rights and power of the individual to a greater extent
N:
There is a consensus between Democrats and Republicans over the protection of certain rights viewed as fundamental
This particularly relates to legal equality on the grounds of race and a growing consensus supporting gay marriage
There is some overlap between centre ground Democrats and Republicans, especially with pro-gun Democrats and pro-choice Republicans
Do the 2 parties hold conflicting values and policies relating to the national economy?
Y:
Republicans favour a decreased role for the government in the economy whereas Democrats push for greater federal expenditure and increased taxes on the wealthy
Democrats are far more critical of free market economics than Republicans
N:
Both political parties favour free market capitalist economics
Left-wing critics see both the Republicans and Democrats as protectors of corporate interests
Democrat and Republicans in Congress have supported similar policies in times of crisis e.g. global banking crisis in 2000 and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic
Do the 2 parties hold conflicting values and policies relating to social welfare?
Y:
Democrats emphasise the unfairness of socio-economic inequality, whereas Republicans focus on individual responsibility and self-reliance
Democrats have introduced many federal welfare programmes e.g. healthcare reform and food stamps. Republicans have typically opposed or attempted to reduce such initiatives
N:
Both parties favour some form of welfare provision, especially in the form of welfare for the elderly
There is some overlap, with moderate Republicans seeking to protect Democrat welfare initiatives
In times of crisis both parties support provision of social welfare