Pertussis Flashcards

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Common respiratory illness, especially in winter with potential for large outbreaks.
Infants are at particular risk; mortality can occur.
Link to Jaslyn's story provided (mortality case).

Causative bacteria of whooping cough (species name aids recognition).
Grows on the surface of respiratory epithelia; doesn't invade.
Produces a potent toxin that kills ciliated respiratory epithelia, leading to coughing.
In infants, the organism can grow deep into the lungs.
Found inside macrophages, a hallmark of pneumonia in infants.
Airway swelling (bronchi) can occur, causing breathing difficulties; hospitalization for respiratory support may be needed.
Cough may be absent in babies; interrupted breathing patterns (apnea) may be observed.

Severe coughing fits can cause hemorrhaging in the conjunctiva and bruising.
Known as the "100-day cough" due to the extensive damage to the bronchi.
Adults can experience a long-lasting cough.
Immunity is not long-lasting (1-5 years), predominantly IgA immunity allowing for multiple infections.

Older children and infants can exhibit a characteristic "hoop" sound during coughing.

Hospital in Turalgon experienced a surge of six infant admissions (under two months) due to pertussis.
ICU capacity increased from two to six beds to accommodate patients.
Local nurses provided essential 24-hour respiratory support, saving lives.
Simultaneous outbreak in Sydney resulted in six infant deaths.
Investigation revealed a decline in vaccination rates from 95% to 50% due to a new practitioner discouraging the pertussis vaccine.
Personal testimonies from parents led to a return to 95% immunization rates.
95% vaccination rate provides sufficient herd immunity.

Steroids can reduce the severity of symptoms.
Erythromycin is effective when administered early in the infection (during organism multiplication) to reduce damage and spread.
Limiting spread within families and childcare settings is crucial.

Improved acellular vaccine contains only inactivated toxins.
Safe for pregnant women; booster recommended late in pregnancy for 90% infant protection.
Remaining 10% unprotected emphasizes the need for family members to get boosters.
Individuals who decline boosters should avoid contact with infants under two months old.