Lab 3

Cultural Heritage Institutions and Digital Resources

Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums (GLAM) increasingly utilize digital resources.Key factors for e-display include user requirements and current technology standards, which must be established prior to digitization.

Standards for Digital Copying

  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO): network of 157 countries

  • American National Standards Institute (ANSI): official U.S. member

  • National Information Standards Organization (NISO): develops technical standards

Metadata Types and Functions

  • Administrative Metadata: Controls data access and permissions

  • Descriptive Metadata: Identifies characteristics like bibliographic data and keywords

  • Legal Metadata: Information on creative licensing and copyrights

  • Preservation Metadata: Guides data placement in hierarchical frameworks

  • Process Metadata: Outlines procedures for data collection

  • Reference Metadata: Describes statistical content quality

  • Structural Metadata: Shows organization of compound data objectsExample: organizing pages in audiobooks

  • Use Metadata: Analyzes user access patterns and customer behavior trends

Specific Standards by Institution Type

  • Libraries:

    • MARC 21 (Machine-Readable Cataloguing): 5 substandards (Bibliographic, Authority, Holdings, Classification, Community Information)

    • METS (Metadata Encoding & Transmission Standard): For encoding various metadata types in digital libraries

  • Archives:

    • ISAD(G): International Standard Archival Description with 26 metadata elements in 7 categories

  • Museums:

    • CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art): 31 categories with 505 metadata elements (includes lightweight version CDWA Lite)

  • Digital Documents: Dublin Core Standard

Quality Control in Digitization

Crucial for digitization projects to verify quality, accuracy, and consistency.Ensures single digitization for multiple uses.

Copyright and Licensing

  • Copyright Policies: Tools for managing copyright in library services and risk management for institutions

  • Licensing Agreements: Legal contracts that permit intellectual property use

  • Creative Commons: Licensing options available.