Period 4 Knowledge Dump

1920’s Age of Anxiety — Roaring 20s

Post WWI brought pessimistic/cynical/unglorifying views on war and humanity

“Lost genration” termed coined to describe the children that were born or grew up in times of WWI. these people wrote works of art/literature depicting the hoorors and gruesome stories of the war and they severely dealt with depression, substance abuses and PTSD.

ex are hemingway’s farewell to arms and remarque’s all quiet on the western front

alongisde the rise in literature works, there was a shift in political ideologies. mny war veterans esp germans wanted and sided with right wing politics and didnt like ideas of the bourgeoise/capitalism/ and democracy.

also rise in new architecturre and art ideas:

architecture — Hausbaus came up with new techniques and the use of stainless steel and primary colors

art — art deco was established, new paintors like picasso, and japanese degas became popular

many movies and pop culture music/books/magazines depicted the war with satire because it didnt actually complish anything

“nosferatu” is a work that indirectly depicts psychological terror that can belinked back to the germans and WWI

era became known as the roaring 20s everyone:

roaring only for those wealthy men or people with enough money politics didnt concern them

the middle class grew in wealth and the economy grew in these years

new lines of credit were created as well as installment payments allowing middle class and any other citizen to purchase high quality products like cars, appliances, printers, etc

real estate was also popular and people were buying property particularly in florida

new music became known as jazz and it was popularized globally

Rise of Mussolini and Hitler — Fascism

Germany and Italy had beef over the results of the war which created the Revisional Powers: Italy, Germany, Japan

they wanted to expand their territories and become stronger + better than western powers. nationalistic ideas spread that the countries were subordinates to the west and citizens didnt like that

Italy:

they wanted territory that was promised to them but wasn’t awarded. “vittoria mutiliata” ideas of controlling the Mediterranean and forming an Italian empire grew during this time period as well as ideas of fascism (the government is the center of everything)

under fascism; the people were subordinate to the state, no class hierarchy, the government has full power over everything, xenophobia prone, anti Marxism/communism, anti political parties, pro militarism and nationalism

changes in the Italian government led to establishing a prime minister and Mussolini, an ex socialist fascist-supporter, was appointed to a high government position and later became dictator of the country. Mussolini prior to the job had created his own party pro-dictatorship to bring an end to political chaos, Italian Combat Squad.

Spazio vitale and nationalism: Italy should control the Mediterranean and expand its borders so the Italian people have more room (similar to Hitler’s lebensraum)

Germany:

hatred towards the Weimar Republic and the government for allowing Germany to take blame for the war and sign a humiliating treaty. Germany dealt with hyperinflation, famines, unemployment, and overall weakness. This allowed for nationalistic groups to form like the Nazis which utilize propaganda to unite the German people against the government because the government was disappointing Germany and a disgrace. Hitler came to influence as founder of the Nazis and his ideas of antisemitism fueled pro German feelings and xenophobia. Jews were targeted and seen as the cause for Germany’s unpure race and problems