Genetics & Biological Influences

Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism.

Phenotype: Observable traits resulting from genotype and environment.

Heritability: The proportion of variance in a trait attributable to genetic differences.

Twin and Adoption Studies: Research designs used to estimate genetic vs environmental influences.

Epigenetics: The study of how gene expression is influenced by environmental factors.

Polygenic Inheritance: Traits influenced by multiple genes, such as intelligence or height.