progressive era powerpoint
Page 1: Overview of Populism to Progressivism
Key Ideas
Many believed society was improving through progressivism.
______________ and ______________ created significant societal problems.
The belief that society could improve through reliance on science and knowledge.
The necessity of government intervention to address these issues.
Government had become corrupt due to influences from ____ ______________ and __________________.
Reform of government itself was essential to achieving broader societal reform.
Page 2: The Progressive Movement (1890 - 1920)
Overview
Greatest influence of the Progressive Movement occurred from 1900 until the onset of World War I.
Progressives adopted ideas from Populists but differed significantly in demographics.
Primarily consisted of ______________ city dwellers, including writers, lawyers, ministers, professors, and Presidents.
Page 3: The Social Gospel Movement
Origins and Goals
Emerged when Protestant ministers advocated for ________________.
Promoted abolition of _________________ and safer working environments.
Emphasized the moral duty to assist the less fortunate.
The movement was key in supporting the prohibition of ___________, leading to the 18th Amendment.
Page 4: The Muckrakers
Definition and Role
Expansion of cities led to the rise of newspapers and magazines.
Investigative reporters, writers, and social scientists exposed industrial and governmental _______________.
Known as Muckrakers, they 'raked up' the muck of American life.
Page 5: Muckrakers' Contributions
Focus Areas
Investigated the rise of _______________ and associated __________ in pursuit of wealth.
Examined business practices and their negative impacts on consumers and the impoverished.
Considered to be the first Progressive reformers.
Page 6: Legislative Impacts of Muckrakers
Key Legislation
Meat Inspection Act: Established cleanliness standards and federal ______________ of meat plants.
Pure Food & Drug Act: Mandated purity and accurate labeling of foods.
Upton Sinclair
Exposed dangerous conditions and unsanitary practices in the meat-packing industry through his book, _________________.
Page 7: Excerpt from “The Jungle”
Description of Industrial Economy
Sinclair described the inhumane conditions in the industrial economy, highlighting:
Disregard for cleanliness (e.g., rat contamination in meat).
Lack of sanitation practices before meals for workers.
Page 8: Urban Poor Living Conditions
Issues Exposed
______________ living conditions faced by the urban poor.
Led to reforms in New York City with new building codes for safety and health.
Jacob Riis
Highlighted the poverty and disease in urban settings through How the Other Half Lives.
Page 9: Tackling Political Corruption
Corruption Highlighted
Documents the corrupt practices of political machines like ________ __________ in NYC.
Boss Tweed's downfall after being jailed for corruption.
Thomas Nast
Political cartoonist who targeted the corruption of _________ ______, led by Tweed.
Page 10: Trusts and Monopolies
Legislative Responses
Problem of _____________ and trusts resulting in business unfairness.
Passage of the ____________________________________ to outlaw monopolistic practices.
Ida Tarbell
Exposed Standard Oil's aggressive tactics that pushed out competition and created monopolies.
Page 11: Further Exposing Corruption
Focus on Governance
Writers like Upton Sinclair and Lincoln Steffens shed light on corruption in local and state governments.
Sinclair’s The Jungle and Steffens’ The Shame of the Cities provided insights into governmental failings.
Page 12: Railroads' Impact on Farmers
Economic Issues
Railroads exploited _____________, charging excessive rates to transport their goods.
Frank Norris
In The Octopus, Norris detailed the grip railroads had on California farmers.
Page 13: The Push for Reforms
Reformers' Motivations
Frustration over the conditions brought about by the ______________ _________________ pushed Progressives to demand reforms.
Emphasis on the belief that society can improve through reform efforts.
Types of Reformers
____________ Reformers: Addressing broader societal issues.
_____________ Reformers: Focusing on city-level governance.
__________________ Reformers: Combatting corruption influenced by business interests.
Page 14: Jane Addams
Contributions to Social Reform
Founded ______ ________ as a settlement house to support immigrants and the needy.
Hull House became integral for providing education, jobs, and basic community services.
Page 15: W.E.B. DuBois
Civil Rights Advocacy
Co-founded the _______ to advance civil rights for African Americans.
DuBois was the first African American to obtain a Ph.D. from Harvard.
Advocated for ____________ racial equality and supported active protest efforts.
Often at odds with Booker T. Washington on approaches to civil rights.
Page 16: Booker T. Washington
Views on Civil Rights
Agreed with DuBois on civil rights but differed on methods.
Advocated for job training and ____________ _____________ over direct demands for equality.
Page 17: Ida B. Wells
Anti-Lynching Campaigns
Brought attention to the rampant ____________ used to intimidate African Americans, particularly in the South.
Initiated a national campaign against lynching after the wrongful murder of her friends.
Page 18: Anti-Defamation League
Opposition to Prejudice
Jewish organization established to fight against religious prejudice.
Page 19: Municipal Reforms
Focus and Goals
Progressives aimed to limit the power of political machines and tackle corruption in _____ governments.
Sought to replace corrupt bosses with accountable public servants.
Efforts to enhance city services to manage overcrowding, fire hazards, and sanitation issues.
Page 20: State Government Reforms
Progressive Leadership
Progressive governors like Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin and ____________ _______________ of New York worked to reduce corruption and influence from big businesses at state levels.
Page 21: Political Reforms
Newly Implemented Measures
____________ ____________: Prevented voter intimidation.
Initiative: Allowed voters to introduce legislation directly.
Referendum: Enabled voters to place bills on the ballot.
Recall: Allowed voters to remove elected officials from office.
Direct Election of Senators: 17th Amendment enabled the public to elect Senators, enhancing democracy.
Page 22: Social Legislation
Addressing Industrialization's Impact
States enacted laws to mitigate the detrimental effects of industrial activity, including:
_____________ ____________ ___________
Improving factory working conditions.
Setting regulations for urban housing construction and safety.
Page 23: Civil Service Reform
Spoils System Issues
The spoils system awarded government jobs based on ____________ rather than qualifications, leading to pervasive corruption.
Following President Garfield's assassination by an office-seeker, a shift was necessary for government reform.
Page 24: The Pendleton Act
Establishment of Civil Service Commission
The Pendleton Act of 1883 created the Civil Service Commission, which:
Required government job candidates to take exams.
Hired based on merit, reducing corruption and increasing efficiency within government operations.