progressive era powerpoint

Page 1: Overview of Populism to Progressivism

Key Ideas

• Many believed society was improving through progressivism.

• ______________ and ______________ created significant societal problems.

• The belief that society could improve through reliance on science and knowledge.

• The necessity of government intervention to address these issues.

• Government had become corrupt due to influences from ____ ______________ and __________________.

• Reform of government itself was essential to achieving broader societal reform.

Page 2: The Progressive Movement (1890 - 1920)

Overview

• Greatest influence of the Progressive Movement occurred from 1900 until the onset of World War I.

• Progressives adopted ideas from Populists but differed significantly in demographics.

• Primarily consisted of ______________ city dwellers, including writers, lawyers, ministers, professors, and Presidents.

Page 3: The Social Gospel Movement

Origins and Goals

• Emerged when Protestant ministers advocated for ________________.

• Promoted abolition of _________________ and safer working environments.

• Emphasized the moral duty to assist the less fortunate.

• The movement was key in supporting the prohibition of ___________, leading to the 18th Amendment.

Page 4: The Muckrakers

Definition and Role

• Expansion of cities led to the rise of newspapers and magazines.

• Investigative reporters, writers, and social scientists exposed industrial and governmental _______________.

• Known as Muckrakers, they 'raked up' the muck of American life.

Page 5: Muckrakers' Contributions

Focus Areas

• Investigated the rise of _______________ and associated __________ in pursuit of wealth.

• Examined business practices and their negative impacts on consumers and the impoverished.

• Considered to be the first Progressive reformers.

Page 6: Legislative Impacts of Muckrakers

Key Legislation

• Meat Inspection Act: Established cleanliness standards and federal ______________ of meat plants.

• Pure Food & Drug Act: Mandated purity and accurate labeling of foods.

Upton Sinclair

• Exposed dangerous conditions and unsanitary practices in the meat-packing industry through his book, _________________.

Page 7: Excerpt from “The Jungle”

Description of Industrial Economy

• Sinclair described the inhumane conditions in the industrial economy, highlighting:

  • Disregard for cleanliness (e.g., rat contamination in meat).

  • Lack of sanitation practices before meals for workers.

Page 8: Urban Poor Living Conditions

Issues Exposed

• ______________ living conditions faced by the urban poor.

• Led to reforms in New York City with new building codes for safety and health.

Jacob Riis

• Highlighted the poverty and disease in urban settings through How the Other Half Lives.

Page 9: Tackling Political Corruption

Corruption Highlighted

• Documents the corrupt practices of political machines like ________ __________ in NYC.

• Boss Tweed's downfall after being jailed for corruption.

Thomas Nast

• Political cartoonist who targeted the corruption of _________ ______, led by Tweed.

Page 10: Trusts and Monopolies

Legislative Responses

• Problem of _____________ and trusts resulting in business unfairness.

• Passage of the ____________________________________ to outlaw monopolistic practices.

Ida Tarbell

• Exposed Standard Oil's aggressive tactics that pushed out competition and created monopolies.

Page 11: Further Exposing Corruption

Focus on Governance

• Writers like Upton Sinclair and Lincoln Steffens shed light on corruption in local and state governments.

• Sinclair’s The Jungle and Steffens’ The Shame of the Cities provided insights into governmental failings.

Page 12: Railroads' Impact on Farmers

Economic Issues

• Railroads exploited _____________, charging excessive rates to transport their goods.

Frank Norris

• In The Octopus, Norris detailed the grip railroads had on California farmers.

Page 13: The Push for Reforms

Reformers' Motivations

• Frustration over the conditions brought about by the ______________ _________________ pushed Progressives to demand reforms.

• Emphasis on the belief that society can improve through reform efforts.

Types of Reformers

• ____________ Reformers: Addressing broader societal issues.

• _____________ Reformers: Focusing on city-level governance.

• __________________ Reformers: Combatting corruption influenced by business interests.

Page 14: Jane Addams

Contributions to Social Reform

• Founded ______ ________ as a settlement house to support immigrants and the needy.

• Hull House became integral for providing education, jobs, and basic community services.

Page 15: W.E.B. DuBois

Civil Rights Advocacy

• Co-founded the _______ to advance civil rights for African Americans.

• DuBois was the first African American to obtain a Ph.D. from Harvard.

• Advocated for ____________ racial equality and supported active protest efforts.

• Often at odds with Booker T. Washington on approaches to civil rights.

Page 16: Booker T. Washington

Views on Civil Rights

• Agreed with DuBois on civil rights but differed on methods.

• Advocated for job training and ____________ _____________ over direct demands for equality.

Page 17: Ida B. Wells

Anti-Lynching Campaigns

• Brought attention to the rampant ____________ used to intimidate African Americans, particularly in the South.

• Initiated a national campaign against lynching after the wrongful murder of her friends.

Page 18: Anti-Defamation League

Opposition to Prejudice

• Jewish organization established to fight against religious prejudice.

Page 19: Municipal Reforms

Focus and Goals

• Progressives aimed to limit the power of political machines and tackle corruption in _____ governments.

• Sought to replace corrupt bosses with accountable public servants.

• Efforts to enhance city services to manage overcrowding, fire hazards, and sanitation issues.

Page 20: State Government Reforms

Progressive Leadership

• Progressive governors like Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin and ____________ _______________ of New York worked to reduce corruption and influence from big businesses at state levels.

Page 21: Political Reforms

Newly Implemented Measures

• ____________ ____________: Prevented voter intimidation.

• Initiative: Allowed voters to introduce legislation directly.

• Referendum: Enabled voters to place bills on the ballot.

• Recall: Allowed voters to remove elected officials from office.

• Direct Election of Senators: 17th Amendment enabled the public to elect Senators, enhancing democracy.

Page 22: Social Legislation

Addressing Industrialization's Impact

• States enacted laws to mitigate the detrimental effects of industrial activity, including:

  • _____________ ____________ ___________

  • Improving factory working conditions.

  • Setting regulations for urban housing construction and safety.

Page 23: Civil Service Reform

Spoils System Issues

• The spoils system awarded government jobs based on ____________ rather than qualifications, leading to pervasive corruption.

• Following President Garfield's assassination by an office-seeker, a shift was necessary for government reform.

Page 24: The Pendleton Act

Establishment of Civil Service Commission

• The Pendleton Act of 1883 created the Civil Service Commission, which:

  • Required government job candidates to take exams.

  • Hired based on merit, reducing corruption and increasing efficiency within government operations.