Atoms and Elements

2.1 Brownian Motion: Atoms Confirmed

NADA

2.2 Early Ideas about the Building Blocks of Matter

NADA

2.3 Modern Atomic Theory and the Laws That Led to It

law of definite proportions: all samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements

law of multiple proportions: when two elements form two different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1 g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers

2.4 Discovery of the Electron

NADA

2.5 The Structure of the Atom

NADA

2.6 Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in Atoms

NADA

2.7 Finding Patterns: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table

NADA

2.8 Atomic Mass: The Average Mass of an Element’s Atoms

Atomic Mass = (fraction of isotope * mass of isotope) + …

mass spectrometry: an experimental method of determining the precise mass and relative abundance of isotopes and relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample using an instrument called a mass spectrometer

2.9 Molar Mass: Counting Atoms by Weighing Them

Avogadro’s number: 6.02214×10²³