Comprehensive Study Notes: Hanyang Korean 2

Hanyang Korean $2$ is a comprehensive language textbook developed by the Hanyang University International Language Institute (ILI). The textbook committee included Yumi Lee, Youngsook Lee, and Jahyun Cho, with planning overseen by Iksang Eom. Published in $2008$ by Hanyang University Press, the curriculum is designed for foreigners and overseas Koreans residing in Korea, focusing on essential vocabulary, grammar, and idiomatic expressions needed for daily life. The book is the second volume in a planned series of $6$. It features grammatical explanations provided in four languages: English, Chinese, Japanese, and Mongolian. The text highlights that Korean is spoken by approximately $75,000,000$ people worldwide, ranking $11^{th}$ globally, which correlates with Korea’s GDP and economic standing. The language’s importance has grown significantly, becoming a subject for the SAT II in the United States, and the number of Chinese universities with Korean departments has expanded from $4$ prior to $1992$ (the year of Korea-China amity) to over $30$ today.

The textbook is structured into $15$ chapters, each subdivided into two subchapters ($30$ items total). Every chapter follows a consistent pedagogical flow: [Preparation] uses photographs to introduce learning goals; [Vocabulary and Grammar Practice] presents points through dialogue with references to multilingual explanations in a separate volume; [Dialogue] reconstructs core lessons into real-life application scenarios; [Speaking Activity] focuses on fluency and presentation; [Listening Activity] provides basic and advanced comprehension; and [Reading and Writing] offers prose samples and composition tasks. A separate [Writing Practice] workbook and a listening CD accompany the main text. The narrative is centered around four main characters: Jenny (a female exchange student from Toronto, Canada), Michael (a male exchange student from the United States), Han-sol (a Korean male student in his early $20$s), and Eun-young (a Korean female student in her early $20$s).

Chapter $1$: Introductions and Future Plans

The first subchapter focuses on self-introductions on the first day of class and discussing vacation experiences. Key grammar points include the use of 전에 (Time ago) and -기 전에 (before S V), such as "$\text{한국에 오기 전에 대학교에 다녔어요}$." It also introduces ~동안 (during N) and -는 동안 (during S V). Temporal vocabulary includes terms for specific day counts: $1$ day (하루), $2$ days (이틀), $3$ days (사흘), $4$ days (나흘), up to $10$ days (열흘). Example narratives describe students buying wedding gifts at Namdaemun Market or traveling to Busan for $3$ days ($23^{rd}$ to $25^{th}$). Jenny describes traveling to her hometown for her sister's wedding and spending time with her parents and grandfather.

The second subchapter addresses introducing parents and discussing future plans. Grammar focuses on ~후에 (Time later), -(으)ㄴ 후에 (after S V), and the honorific subject marker -께서. High-form honorifics are taught for family-related terms: age (연세), birthday (생신), name (성함), words (말씀), being/staying (계시다), eating (드시다), and passing away (돌아가시다). Counting units for honorific age include $10$ (열), $20$ (스물), $30$ (서른), $40$ (마흔), $50$ (쉰), $60$ (예순), $70$ (일흔), $80$ (여든), $90$ (아흔), and $100$ (백). Detailed family scenarios include introduced characters’ backgrounds, such as a grandfather who was a company president living in Los Angeles or a father who is a busy doctor.

Chapter $2$: Invitations and Social Descriptions

Chapter $2$ focuses on invitation etiquette and gifted exchanges. Grammar points include the honorific form of "to" or "from" (-께), which is used for elders like grandparents or teachers instead of -에게/한테. The question form -(으)ㄹ까요? is introduced for asking opinions (e.g., "$\text{무슨 선물을 사가면 좋을까요?}$"), alongside the conjunction -(이)나 (N1 or N2). Vocabulary centers on parties (잔치), hosts (주인), guests (손님), and celebratory actions (축하하다). Traditional Korean celebrations are highlighted, specifically the "Dol" (돌)—a child’s $1^{st}$ birthday where guests often give gold rings (금반지)—and the $61^{st}$ birthday (Hwangap), where large feasts are held for parents.

The second part of the chapter covers comparative descriptions and detailed adverbial expressions. The grammar point ~같다 (be like N) and -처럼 (V/Adj like N) are used to compare people to entities like angels (천사), geniuses (천재), or tigers (호랑이). The adverbial suffix -게 (Adj-ly) is used for phrases like "$\text{맛있게 드세요}$." A significant reading passage describes a "Jip-deu-ri" (집들이), or housewarming party, explaining the tradition of gifting household staples like powdered soap (가루비누) or toilet paper (휴지). Character photos are analyzed in this section to practice descriptive comparisons, such as comparing a roommate’s smile to a baby's or a sister's appearance to a movie star's.

Chapter $3$: Travel Experiences and Planning

Navigation and travel are explored through grammar related to experience and change. -(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 (have [not] been to) and the transition verb -어/아지다 (become/get) are utilized to discuss evolving circumstances, such as international calls becoming cheaper or weather becoming colder. The listening section features a story about Jenny losing her wallet at an airport and being helped by a kind stranger. A reading passage on backpacking (배낭여행) describes Michael's trip to Europe. He worked a part-time job for $1.5$ years to save funds and spent approximately $1,500,000$ Won over $10$ days, leaving from Seoul on July $10$ and returning July $19$.

Chapter $3$ also covers technical aspects of travel planning, such as reservations (예약) and ticket purchases (예매). Grammar involves -거나 (V1 or V2) and the obligation marker -어/아야 되다 (have to V). Students learn to book hotel rooms and KTX or Saemaeul (새마을호) train tickets. Specific travel scenarios include a $2$ night, $3$ day ($2\text{박 } 3\text{일}$) trip to Seorak Mountain or Jeju Island. The text notes that weekend travel in Korea requires advance booking and provides dialogue templates for calling travel agencies or hotels to inquire about room availability and costs.

Chapter $4$: Hobbies and Cooking

Hobbies are discussed through temporal grammar and clubs. Points include -(으)ㄹ 때 (the time when S V), -마다 (every), and -(이)든지 (whatever/whenever/whoever). Hobby vocabulary includes mountain climbing (등산), fishing (낚시), stamp collecting (우표 모으기), and music appreciation (음악 감상). University clubs (동아리) like "Music Love" (음악 사랑) and "I am the Cooking King" (나는 요리왕) are introduced, detailing meeting times and locations (such as the fourth floor of the student union building, 학생회관).

The second subchapter covers current actions and recipes using -고 있다 (be V-ing/progressive) and -(으)로 만들다 (made of). Vocabulary includes clothing actions: wearing (입다), shoes (신다), hats (쓰다), watches (차다), rings (끼다), and bags (메다). Detailed instructions for making Bibimbap and Bokkeumbap (Fried Rice) are provided. Bokkeumbap ingredients for $2$ servings include: $100g$ beef, $1$ onion, $1$ potato, $0.5$ carrot, $2$ bowls of rice, salt, pepper, and oil. The process involves dicing ingredients, frying vegetables and meat in a pan (프라이팬), seasoning with salt and pepper, and finally mixing in the rice.

Chapter $5$: School Life and Administrative Procedures

This chapter addresses the practicalities of university attendance. Grammar includes -이/가 필요하다/필요없다 (be [not] necessary) and -고 싶어하다 (expressing another person's desire). Essential school documents involve passports (여권), visas (비자), student IDs (학생증), certificates of enrollment (재학 증명서), and admission letters (입학허가서). A reading passage details the process of visa extension at the Immigration Office (출입국관리사무소) located in Mok-dong, accessible via Omokgyo Station (Line $5$, Exit $7$). The narrator successfully extended their stay by $3$ months because they had no absences (결석).

The second part discusses difficulties and advice using causes ~때문에 (because of N), -기 때문에 (because S V), and the advisory -지 그래요? (Why don't you?). Students are encouraged to join language exchanges (언어교환) or culture classes to overcome loneliness or difficulty with Korean. The text mentions international student clubs that mix Korean students with those from various countries. The character Yamada is used as an example of someone who must leave early every day because of a part-time job involving teaching English to Korean students twice a week.

Chapter $6$: Exams and Academic Achievement

Exam preparation is presented using casual speech styles (반말) and purpose-driven grammar. Low-form endings such as -어/아, -다/니?, and -(어)라/자 are contrasted with polite speech. The purpose marker -을/를 위해서 and -기 위해서 (in order to) are used to discuss goals like college entrance (대학 입학). Vocabulary includes midterm (중간시험), final (기말시험), memorizing (외우다), and grades (성적). Listening tasks describe Michael's academic trajectory: he initially struggled, scoring a $50$ on his midterm due to frequent absences and playing with friends, but after studying diligently in the library, he scored a $95$ on his final and aimed for a scholarship (장학금).

The chapter also introduces probabilistic and locational grammar: -에 가는 길이다 (be on one's way to) and -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 모양이다 (it seems that/patterns of appearance). This is used to speculate on classmates' moods or actions (e.g., "$\text{제니가 시험을 잘 본 모양이에요}$"). Scenarios involve stopping at a convenience store (편의점) or bank while on the way home to buy milk or withdraw money. The text teaches students how to process failure and success through Michael's story of redemption through hard work and consistent attendance.

Chapter $7$: Meetings and Comparisons

Chapter $7$ explores interpersonal connections and superlatives. Grammar includes ~중에서 제일 (the most among), ~에서 제일 (the most in), and ~만에 (it has been [time] since). Scenarios involve meeting friends after long gaps, such as seeing a middle school classmate for the first time in $10$ years. Reading tasks recount first loves (첫사랑) and memorable teachers, such as Yoo Jae-hyeon, a music teacher who inspired a student to go to music college. The phrase "$\text{딱 일 년 만에 만났어요}$ " is used to denote exactly one year since the last meeting.

Relationship dynamics are further explored using -어/아서 그렇다 (It is because) and comparison markers -보다 더 (more than). The dialogue focuses on breakups and personality clashes (성격이 안 맞다). The reading passage "Love, the Most Important Thing in Life" argues that while success (성공) like getting into a good university or buying a large car provides happiness, love is more essential. It quotes a sentiment that there is no joy greater than the sorrow of love, and no greater pleasure than the pain of love, highlighting the power of love to transform emotions. Comparative exercises weigh the pros and cons of living alone versus marriage, citing freedom and lower living costs as benefits of the former.

Chapter $8$: Post Office and Communication

Post office services are detailed alongside decision-making grammar -기로 하다 (promise/decide to V) and -(으)로 (select A as B). Methods of delivery include registered mail (등기우편), domestic express (국내특급우편), international express (EMS/국제특급우편), and airmail (항공우편). The necessity marker -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다 is applied to situations like writing zip codes (우편번호) or returning important documents. A comedic reading entry titled "Oops! My Mistake" features Han-sol, who accidentally wrote his own name and address in the sender and receiver sections of a letter he promised to mail for a friend.

Card writing and emotional expression are covered in the second part through -이/가 아니라 (not N1 but N2), -어/아하다 (describing someone else's feelings), and -기를 바라다 (hope that S V). Students learn standard phrases for cards: "$\text{졸업을 축하합니다}$ " (Congratulations on graduation), "$\text{영원히 행복하시기를 바랍니다}$ " (I hope you are happy forever), and honorific closings like 드림 or 올림. The reading includes a letter from Akiko to her teacher, describing her nocturnal part-time job at a convenience store and her encounter with a former classmate named Yukio in Japan. She invites the teacher to visit her hometown during spring break.

Chapter $9$: Health, Passive Verbs, and Conditionals

Chapter $9$ catalogs common ailments and health habits. Grammar points are -(으)로 (cause) and -에 좋다/나쁘다 (good/bad for). S-irregular verbs like 낫다 (to recover/get well) are introduced, along with conditions like headache (두통), toothache (치통), stomachache (배탈), and insomnia. The passive voice is explored via suffixes -이/히/리/기 and -어/아지다, including pairs like to see/be seen (보다/보이다), to hear/be heard (듣다/들리다), and to close/be closed (닫다/닫히다). The conditional -(으)면 -(으)ㄹ 텐데 is used for hypothetical regrets (e.g., "$\text{비를 안 맞았으면 감기에 안 걸렸을 텐데}$").

The impact of stress (스트레스) is discussed as a major health factor. The text mentions that people relieve stress by drinking, sleeping all day, or climbing mountains alone. One reading passage describes a protagonist whose boss scolds them in front of others, leading to psychosomatic symptoms like blurred vision and hearing difficulty. A doctor advises that a peaceful heart and good sleep are better than medicine. The passage suggests eating Samgyetang (ginseng chicken soup), made with garlic (마늘) and ginseng (인삼), as a traditional summer dish to regain energy (기운을 내다).

Chapter $10$: Weather and Indirect Narrative

Weather-related accidents and shifts in state are covered. Grammar points include -(으)ㄹ 뻔했다 (almost happened/near miss) and -다가 (interruption of action). Vocabulary covers lightning (번개), thunder (천둥), typhoons (태풍), and fog (안개). Reading stories recount narrow escapes, such as a car sliding on a slippery mountain road (산길) in the fog or a friend nearly drowning while swimming until being rescued. The text notes that using the subway is safer than driving on snowy days to avoid accidents.

Indirect speech is a major grammatical hurdle introduced here: -(ㄴ/는다고 하다 (declarative), -냐고 묻다 (interrogative), and -(으)라고/자고 하다 (imperative/suggestive). These are used to report the weather forecast (일기예보). Seasonal weather patterns are defined: spring rain (봄비), the rainy season (장마), the yellow dust (황사), and the first snow (첫눈). Specific temperature vocabulary includes states such as "getting warmer" (따뜻해지다) and "dropping temperatures" (기온이 떨어지다). The prompt notes that the Han-River ferry (한강유람선) at Yeouinaru Station (Exit $3$) is a popular destination when the weather clears.

Chapter $11$: Telephone and Messages

Chapter $11$ targets advanced communication by phone. Grammar focus is on -(이)라고 하다 (is called/named) and the repetitive checking phrase -다/냐/라/자고요? (Did you say…?). Negative emphasis is handled by 한-도 (안/못/없다) (not even one…). Telephone-specific dialogue includes "$\text{누구시라고 전해 드릴까요?}$ " (Who shall I say is calling?) and "$\text{전화 바꿨습니다}$ " (This is they/The phone has been handed over). The text explains how to leave voice messages (음성 메시지) and the importance of text messages (문자 메시지) in Korean culture.

A reading titled "I Bought a Cell Phone!" tells the story of a student named Singh who felt social pressure to buy a phone since everyone else had one. After working a part-time job for a month to buy a device, he was shocked by a monthly bill of $120,000$ Won. He had to borrow money from friends to pay the bill and regretted the purchase, reflecting on the balance between convenience (편리) and cost. The chapter provides instructions for using automated voice mail systems, where the "star" (*) or "pound" (#/우물정자) keys are used after recording.

Chapter $12$: Korean Life and Cost of Living

Lifestyle skills and subjective impressions are emphasized. Grammar points are -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 (know/not know how to V), the confident answer -지요!, and the soft expression -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다 (it seems like). Competencies reviewed include using chopsticks (젓가락), making Korean food, and navigating the subway solo. Listening exercises reveal that Michael learned to drink alcohol while working at a convenience store, noting that while it is bad for health, it helped him make friends with his senior co-worker.

Economic considerations of living in Korea are explored. The text notes that while restaurant food and public transportation (subway/bus) are relatively cheap, beef (소고기) and fruit are expensive. The highest cost noted is housing in Seoul, with apartment prices doubling over the previous year. Jenny calculates her modest monthly living expenses at approximately $350,000$ Won, while the reading mentions another student whose total monthly budget, including tuition, rent (방세), and food, reached $725,000$ Won. Locations like Namdaemun Market are recommended for buying kitchenware like pots (냄비), rice bowls (밥그릇), and cutlery (수저).

Chapter $13$: Moving and Housing Issues

The moving process (이사) is broken down step-by-step. Grammar includes -부터 (begin with) and the polite request form -(으)면 안 될까요?. Steps for moving include: finding a house via a real estate office (부동산 소개소), talking to the landlord (집주인), signing a contract (계약서), paying a deposit (보증금/계약금), and hiring a moving truck (이삿짐 트럭). The passive exclamation -네요 and embedded questions like -(으)ㄴ지/는지/-(으)ㄹ지 알다/모르다 are used to evaluate properties. Different housing types are defined: dormitories (기숙사), boarding houses (하숙집), efficiency apartments (원룸), and semi-basements (반지하방).

Maintenance and logistical issues are discussed in dialogue. Michael’s new room is cold because the boiler (보일러) is broken, but he doesn't know how to reach the landlord. The listening script describes the chaos of moving day: packing, withdrawing money for the landlord, paying utility bills (electricity/water/gas), and finally ordering Jajangmyeon (자장면) because it is a moving tradition. The text also contrasts standard moving with "Pojang-isa" (포장이사), a full-service move where staff pack, move, and unpack everything, which is convenient but more expensive.

Chapter $14$: Holidays and Festivals

The final chapters transition to culture and travel for leisure. Grammar includes transformations like -이/가 -이/가 되다 (to become), -어/아 가지고 (and then/so that), and the restrictive -밖에 (nothing but/only). Vocabulary lists focus on seasonal landmarks: cherry blossom viewing (꽃구경) at Yeouido in the spring and autumn leaf viewing (단풍구경) at Seoul Grand Park (서울대공원). Subway routes to famous spots like Kyobo Book Centre (광화문역, Line $5$, Exit $3$) and Insadong (안국역, Line $3$, Exit $6$) are provided.

Major Korean holidays are defined: Seollal (음력 $1$월 $1$일) and Chuseok (음력 $8$월 $15$일). Traditional activities include bowing to elders (세배) to receive New Year's money (세뱃돈), eating rice cake soup (떡국), and making songpyeon (송편) under the full moon (보름달). Other commemorative days listed are Children’s Day (어린이날, May $5^{th}$, a public holiday), Parents’ Day (어버이날, May $8^{th}$), and Teacher’s Day (스승의 날, May $15^{th}$). The text describes the massive traffic congestion during these holidays as everyone travels to their hometowns.

Chapter $15$: Airport and Departure

The concluding chapter deals with airport procedures and expressing gratitude. Grammar points include -기는 하지만 (while it is true that…), the restrictive -((으)ㄹ) 뿐이다 (only/nothing more), and the additive -((으)ㄹ) 뿐만 아니라 ... 도 (not only… but also). Final gratitude is expressed using -(으)ㄴ 덕분에 (thanks to/because of). Vocabulary covers domestic/international lines (국내선/국제선), round-trip (왕복) vs. one-way (편도), boarding gates (탑승구), baggage (수하물), and duty-free shops (면세점).

Michael writes a final farewell as he prepares to return to the United States after a year. He recalls arriving a year ago unable to read a single letter of Hangeul and nearly crying when no one met him at the airport. He credits his teachers and friends—especially Han-sol and Jenny—for his progress and happiness, stating that Korea has become his "second hometown" (제 $2$의 고향). He highlights that business class seats are comfortable and wide but expensive, though some can get them cheap through connections in the airline industry. Safety reminders include the prohibition of smoking and cell phones on board and the liquid restriction ($100{\,}ml$ containers max).