Module 15: Evolutionary Psychology Study Notes

Evolutionary Psychology Overview

• Natural Selection and Behavior: Evolutionary psychologists utilize natural selection to explain behavior tendencies, noting that variations leading to survival and reproductive advantages are selected over time.

• Genetic Legacy: Humans share a genetic legacy, with 95% of genetic variation existing within populations rather than between them.

Male-Female Sexuality Differences

• Behavioral Differences: Male sexual behavior shows higher levels of sex drive, with men initiating sex more often and consuming more pornography compared to women.

• Mating Preferences: Women are more selective with partners due to higher stakes in reproduction, preferring reliable partners (e.g., “stick-around dads”).

Criticisms of Evolutionary Explanations

• Response Patterns: Critics argue that evolutionary psychology often retroactively explains behavior rather than predicting it, overlooks cultural influences, and may excuse irresponsible behavior.

• Flexibility in Behaviors: Evolutionary psychologists counter by asserting that while predispositions exist, human behaviors are adaptable and context-dependent, helping to mitigate some criticism.

Biopsychosocial Approach to Development

• Influence Interactions: Individual development is shaped by biological (genetics, prenatal environment), psychological (personality, beliefs), and social-cultural influences (peer and cultural norms).

• Cultural Impact: Culture can amplify or modify biological predispositions, indicating that development is a complex interaction rather than a strict determinism by nature or nurture.