Socio-Religious Reform Movements in India (19th–Early 20th Century)

Abolition of Sati Act

$1829$

Raja Ram Mohan Roy & Lord William Bentinck

Widow Remarriage Act

$1856$

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Age of Consent Act

$1891$

B. M. Malabari; marriage below $12$ banned

Sarda (Child Marriage Restraint) Act

$1929$

Minimum age $14$ (girls) & $18$ (boys)

Macaulay’s Minute

$1835$

English education, Downward Filtration

Wood’s Dispatch

$1854$

“Magna Carta of Indian Education”; vernacular primary, Anglo-vernacular secondary, English higher

First women’s university (SNDT)

$1916$

D. K. Karve

Arya Mahila Samaj

$1882$

Pandita Ramabai

Ladies Social Conference

$1904$

Ramabai Ranade

Bharat Stree Mahamandal

$1910$

Sarla Devi Chaudhurani

All India Women’s Conference

$1927$

Margaret Cousins

Satyashodhak Samaj

$1873$

Jyotiba Phule; works: Gulamgiri, Sarvajanik Satyadharma (Marathi)

Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha

$1924$

B. R. Ambedkar;

Mahad Satyagraha

$1927$

B. R. Ambedkar; (burnt Manusmriti)

Self-Respect Movement

$1925$

E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)

Narayan Guru - Kerala

Jyotiba Phule - Maharashtra

SNDP Movement

Shree Narayana Guru Swami;

slogan “Oru Jathi, Oru Matham, Oru Daivam”

Justice Movement

$1917$

C. N. Mudaliar, T. M. Nair, P. Tyagaraja

Brahmo Samaj

$1828$

Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Writings: “Gift to Monotheism”, “Sambad Kaumudi”. Split $1866$ into Brahmo Samaj of India (Keshab Chandra Sen) & Adi Brahmo (Debendranath Tagore);

Arya Samaj (Bombay )

$1875$

Swami Dayanand Saraswati (Mool shankar)

Slogans “Go Back to Vedas”, “India for Indians”; text “Satyarth Prakash”; DAV College $1886$ (Lahore).

Prarthana Samaj

$1867$

Atmaram Pandurang

Joined by M. G. Ranade $1870$.

Maharashtra

Ramakrishna Mission

$1897$

Swami Vivekananda

HQ Belur Math; concept “Service to man is service to God”.

Veda Samaj

$1864$

Keshab Chandra Sen & K. Sridharalu Naidu

Brahmo of South.

Dev Samaj

$1887$

Shiv Narayan Agnihori

Lahore

Theosophical Society

$1875$ (USA)

Annie Besant prominent

H P Blavatsky, H S Olcott

HQ Adyar $1882$.

Servants of India Society

$1905$

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

political guru of gandhi and jinnah

Seva Sadan

$1908$

B. M. Malabari

-

Social Service League

$1911$

N. M. Joshi

Bombay

Dharma Sabha

$1830$

Radhakanta Deb (orthodox)

Young Bengal Movement

Late $1820$s–early $1830$s

Henry Vivian Derozio

Wahabi Movement

-

Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi

Faraizi

$1818$

Haji Shariatullah

Deoband Movement

$1866$

Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi & Rashid Ahmad Gangohi

Singh Sabha Movement

$1870$

Sikh revival (Amritsar)

Shuddhi Movement

N/A

Arya Samaj reconversion of Christian/Muslim converts

Aligarh Movement

$1875$

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan; MAO College $1875$ → Aligarh Muslim University $1920$.

Vaikom Satyagraha

$1924$

K. P. Keshava (Kerala)

South Indian drive

$1924$

T. K. Madhavan

Kalaram Temple, Nashik

$1930$

Ambedkar’s Temple Entry Movement

Satnami Movement

$1820$s

Guru Ghasidas (Chhattisgarh)

Paramhansa Mandali

$1840$

Dadoba Pandurang & Durgaram Mehtaji (Maharashtra)

“Darpan”, “Digdarshan”

Balshastri Jambhekar

Marathi journalism pioneer

“Prabhakar”

Gopal Hari Deshmukh (Lokhitwadi)

-

“Sudharak”

Gopal Ganesh Agarkar

-

“Satyaprakash”

Karsondas Mulji

Gujarati weekly

“Stri Purush Tulna”

Tarabai Shinde

-