Early Christian Art and Architecture - Quick Reference Notes

Early Christian Art and Architecture

  • Political and religious context.

  • Key dates and events.

Architecture of Christian Worship

  • Basilica:

    • Evolution of typical plan.

    • Early examples: Basilica of Constantine (Trier), Santa Sabina, Old St. Peter’s.

  • Circular Floor Plans:

    • Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem).

    • Baptistry of Saint John Lateran.

    • Mausoleum/Church of St. Costanza.

Art of the Catacombs

  • Historical and religious context.

  • Excavation of catacombs.

  • Wall paintings and sarcophagi (Catacomb of Priscilla).

Key Dates

  • 285 CE: Diocletian divides the Empire.

  • 313 CE: Constantine legalizes Christianity.

  • 330 CE: Constantine moves capital to Constantinople.

  • 380 CE: Theodosius makes Christianity official religion.

  • 100-500 CE: Barbarian invasions.

Christian Basilica Features

  • Bema: Raised platform.

  • Typical Plan Components: Narthex, Nave, Aisle, Tower, Choir, Transept, Crossing, Porch, Ambulatory, Chevette.

Painting and Sculpture

  • The “problem” of images in Christianity.

  • Move away from naturalism and illusionism.

  • Iconography and symbolism.

  • Sculpture of The Good Shepherd.

  • Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus.

Symbolism

  • Fish (IXZUS): IesosChristosTheouUiosSoterIesos Christos Theou Uios Soter (Jesus Christ son of God the Saviour).

  • Chi Rho/Chrismon: Monogram of Christ.

  • Dove with olive branch

  • Anchor

  • Orante

Key Figures

  • Old Testament subjects and apostles.