• Italy attacks Ethiopia in 1935

• Axis powers are formed

• Spanish civil war

  • Popular unrest against old order -> forced the king to leave spain

  • The national front (nationalist) vs the ____

• German bombers struck the town of Guernica  to test their new weapons

• Germany Invaded the Rhineland in 1936

• Hitlers plan was to bring all German speaking people into the third Reich – annexes Austria

• League of Nations is ineffective

  • No control of major conflicts

  • No progress in disarmament

  • No effective military force

• Annexation of the Sudetenland

  • The policy of appeasement – chamberlain and Hitler meet at the Munich conference 1938

• Czechoslovakia becomes part of the 3rd Reich

  • Hitler broke the Munich agreement

• The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact 1939

• Germany invaded Poland

  • Britain and France declare war on Germany in turn (allied powers)

  • Blitzkrieg – flash lightning fighting by Germany

• Nye Committee concluded that ww1 was a result of the greed of bankers and military contractors

  • US needed to adopt a policy of isolationism to avoid war in Europe

  • Paved the way for the US neutrality acts

• US Neutrality Acts

  • Prohibited US travel on ships of fighting countries

  • Prohibited loans and credits to nations at war

  • Prohibited arms sale to nations at war

  • Cash and carry act: the US would sell arms to nations at war but ships must meet merchant ships and nations must pay at time of delivery

  • "Good Neighbor" Policy – undoing the tension of the Roosevelt corollary. With he threat of the US intended to gain Latin American support if war broke out.

THE WAR BEGINS

France Surrenders June 1940

• Poland fell in 16 days

• Norway and Denmark fell in 1 day in April 10, 1940

  • Norway had mines they wanted

  • Denmark had German speaking ppl and hitler wanted all german speakers under 1 reich

    • Also for convenience to invade Britain

• Luxembourg in 1 day, may 11 1940

• Netherlands in 5 days, may 16 1940

• Belgium in 10 days , may 30, 1940

• France in 14 days, june 30, 1940

Dunkirk Evacuated: June 4

• When Germans invade France

• Allied troops trapped

• Rescue mission from England

• 240000 men to safety

France Divided: Germans set up a puppet state

• Vichy France was the new French govt after German occupation led by henry Petian

The French Resistance

• They made the free French flag

• General charles degaulle led resistance from HQ in London

• The french resistance fought to free themselves of nazi occupation and also fought against the vichy govt

Now britain is all alone

• Winston Churchill becomes the new prime minister

Battle of Britain: "The Blitz"

• In the summer and fall of 1940

• German and british air forces clashed in the skies over the UK locked in the larges sustained bombing compaign to that date

• A lot of ppl hid in the London "tube" during the Blitz air raid

The Royal Air Force

• The Luftwaffe

Lend-Lease Act

• US transfers arms or any other defense materials to ""the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the US

• Made america the "great arsenal of democracy"

• Lent weapons to the US, USSR, africa, middle east, china, india, etc

The Atlantic Charter

• Roosevelt and Churchil treaty of friendship

• Solidifies alliance

• Final destruction of a nazi tyranny and a permanent system of general security

• Collective war strategy -> long term plans for US and GB

US Response to Japanese Aggression

• Gunboat panay, japan apologized

  • During raping of nanjing, japan though chinese ppl were trying to escape on US ship so they bombed it but later apologized and paid off the US

• Strategic arms embargo act – US stopped selling oil and scrap metal to japan

• 1941 US froze all Japanese financial asses within the US

Pear Harbor

• Attack on Pearl Harbor proves that a single event can impart the publics opinion

• The next day, FDR called congress to declare war against Japan

• Following pearl harbor, japanese americans were suspected of being potentioal spies and terrorists

• Executive order 9066: FDR ordered the army to round up citizens and aliens of japanese ancestry on the west coast and put them in replacement centers (internment camps)

• In 1988 congress apologized for wartime mistreatment and voted to pay 20000 dollars

THE PACIFIC THEATER

• Japan takes the Philippines and US surrenders

• General Douglas Mac Arthur forced to retreat to Australia, leaving army behind

• Thousands of soldiers captured

• Forced to march 65 miles to a concentration camp

• A lot of ppl died on the way and ppl also died in the camps

Battle of Midway Island

• Yamamoto wants to annihilate the US fleet on midway island

• US intelligence team found out what the japanese ppl were doing

• The US got their carrier ships in place

• Bombers kept getting shot down by the japanese and then they got lost twice

• Americans then found japanese and bombed them all sinking them

Turning point of war

• Crushing defeat for the japanese and is widely regarded as the most important naval battle of ww2

• Permanently weakened the Japanese Navy, costing them over 200 naval aviators

• Allowed US navy the seize initiative and go offensive

Island hopping

• War strategy of US to cross ocean toward Japan for a mainland invasion fighting the japanese at every island shrinking their territorial control

AFTER EUROPEAN THEATER

Gen MacArthur "returns" to the Philippines

US Marines Iwo Jima

• Strategic ally victory

• Used volcanic island as fueling place

Kamikaze Pilots: Terror of Okinawa

• One of the bloodiest battle sin the pacific

• Kamikaze pilots are suicide bombers

THE EUROPEAN THEATER

Operation Barbarossa

• Hitler broke non-aggression pact by invading soviet union

• Soviets are officially at war with the axis powers

• 4million troops spread over 2,000 miles

• Nazis are now fighting too many fronts

• Support of Nazi regime starts to decline

Casablanca Conference

• Churchill and FDR met in Morocco

• Decision was made to deal with Europe first

• Allies would attack Italy because it is the weakest part of axis powers

• Accept nothing less than unconditional surrender of the axis powers

The Italian campaign

• Germany sends troops to help Italy

• Allies plan assault on weakest axis area

• Cin C of AFHQ Eisenhower, Henry Wilson  and Harold

• Result – Mussolini was forced to resign

The "Big Three" at the Tehran conference

• FDR, Winston Churchill and Stalin agree to invade Europe across the English channel

Operation Overlord

• Drive Germans out of France

• D-Day the largest amphibious invasion in history

• Planned by general Dwight D Eisenhower

• The allies landed over 1 million men and liberated France and Belgium by August

The Liberation of Paris

• Allies landed over 1 million men

• Allies liberated France and Belgium

Assassination Plot

• Major Claus von Stauffenberg

  • Was not ok with what Germany was doing

• "Operation Valkyrie"

Election of 1944

• Roosevelts 4th Term

• Americans did not want to switch leaders in the middle of the war

• Harry S Truman is the VP

Battle of the Bulge

• Germany launched one last attack against allies

• The allies won and now had a clear path to Germany

  • Soviets pushed into Germany from the East

  • US pushed into Germany from the West

Yalta Conference

• BIG THREE

• Agree to free elections in Eastern Europe

• Stalin demands influence in Eastern Europe...scares US b/c of communist expansion

• Split Germany into 4 occupation zones

• US convinces Soviets to fight in Asia

• Discussed First UN Meeting place of San Francisco

• US and British troops meet Russian soldiers in Germany in late April 1945

Hitler Commits Suicide

German Prime Minister also commits suicide

V-E Day

• On may 8, Germanys unconditional surrender took effect, and the European war came to a close.

• American soldiers and civilians celebrated V-E Day (Victory Day)

Potsdam Conference

• Stalin only original

• The United States has the A-bomb

• Japan must surrender or face destruction

The Manhattan Project:

• The Manhattan project was the secret research and development of the atomic bomb

• "Now I have become Death, the destroyer of worlds!"

Hiroshima

• 70,000 killed immediately

• Buildings destroyed

• Ppl dies of radiation poisoning and cancer later

Nagasaki

• 40,000 killed immediately

• 60,000 injured

• 100,000 died of radiation poisoning and cancer later

V-J Day

• Japan formally and unconditionally surrendered

RESULTS of WW2

The destruction of Europe

• The Marshall plan was instituted by the US to rebuild war-torn Europe

• Economic plan to rebuild and reestablish trade