Intro CSD Exam 1

What is communication - exchange of ideas between a sender and receiver that involves message transmissions and feedback 

Means of communication - language, speech, nonverbal 

Factors that could disrupt communication - cultural differences, state differences (distance, locations), social variations 

Means of communication- language, speech, nonverbal 

What is language - socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and combos of the symbols, generative (new ideas, sentences, etc) or dynamic (changes over time) 

Three components of language - form (how- phonology morphology, syntax), content (semantics - meaning, what we’re saying), use (pragmatics - why do we use our language)

Difference between congenital and acquired 

Congenital - born with 

Acquired - get later in life 

 \n What do audiologists do - measure hearing ability, identify, assess, manage, prevent disorders of hearing, manage dispense hearing devices 

Audiologist creds - PhD, state license, ASHA CCC-A

Where do audiologists work - hospital, school, private practice, occupational health & environmental protection agencies

 \n Examples of disorders - 

Articulation - dysarthria, apraxia

Fluency - stuttering 

Voice - vocal fry

What do SLPs do - identify, assess, treat, and prevent speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders 

SLP creds- masters, state license, ASHA CCC-SLP, public school certification, pass national exam 

Where do SLPs work - school, private practice, hospital, rehab 

Nonverbal communication - using gestures and facial expressions to communicate without speaking 

Aspects - artifacts (personal environment), space & time (chronemics, tactiles, proxemics), kinesics (explicit and implicit) 

Largest org for communication disorders - ASHA (American Speech Language Hearing Association) 

What systems produce speech - 

Respiratory - lungs, diaphragm, trachea, any muscle of inspiration 

Articulatory/resonating - velum, hard palate, soft palate, etc. articulators 

Nervous - brain, cranial nerves

Phonation - vocal folds, larynx

How is voice produced - inspiration, pressure below vocal folds causing them to vibrate and produce sound, amplified and modified by resonators, gets articulated 

Anatomy of larynx 

Larynx biological function - protects trachea and lungs, forceful expulsion

Larynx speech function - generates voice 

Laryngeal muscles - extrinsic (stabilizes), intrinsic (pitch and loudness), supplementary (pulls up and down)

Vibrations per second

Males- 130

Females- 180-210

Power source for speech - lungs 

What is articulation - formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech  \n

Articulators - teeth, tongue, lips, soft palate, hard palate, mandible, alveolar ridge 

Anatomy of vocal tract- nasal, oral, pharyngeal 

Nasal sounds in English - /m/ /n/ ing 

Role of muscles of respiration in speech - inspiration and expiration - (lungs) powers the voice/vocal folds 

Syntax - how we put words together, arrangement of words in sentences 

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