LAGOS

influence of Lagos

explanation

fact

area

migration from rural areas

urbanisation

  • economic opportunities

  • cultural diversity

  • development

  • environmental challenges

40% from rural areas

within its region

key location for many jobs

brings economic growth and infrastructure development. furthermore, more jobs means a rise in disposable income and increase in standard of life

more than 90% of sea port activity is in this region

within its region

wealth

lots of taxes which can be spent on the wider region

Lagos has more than 6000 millionaires

within its region

economic importance

  • development

  • regional economic disparities

25% of Nigeria’s GDP from Lagos

within Nigeria

key economic contributor

crude oil is a huge part of Nigeria GDP, most of which comes through Lagos

crude oil is 14% of Nigeria GDP

within Nigeria

historical/cultural importance

lots of businesses and infrastructure remaining from 1991 which have historical importance

  • national museum of Nigeria

  • Oba Palace

within Nigeria

key education

Uni of Lagos is one of Nigeria’s leading institutions

  • improves education and therefore standard of life

  • research and development

n/a

within Nigeria

film

home to Nollywood

  • cultural exchange

  • economy

second biggest movie industry

across the world

trade

one of the largest and busiest ports in Africa, boosts trade and connectivity and cultural exchange

n/a

across the world

airport

MMI airport is a major hub for west Africa and Europe connection

over 7 million passengers a year

across the world

ICT

major ICT hub

  • technology and development

  • investment

  • job creation

  • connectivity

n/a

across the world


40% of migrants in Lagos come from the surrounding rural areas

influence of migration on growth

influence of migration on character

widespread slums throughout the city

busier, noisier, more polluted

urban development due to increasing demand

multicultural - good for creative arts and culture

in 1950 Lagos was just on Lagos Island

city more globalised

now Lagos is more than 50km inland

more inequality → migrants from LIDCs arrive in slums whereas others end up in richer areas such as Banana Island


ways of life in wider Lagos

ways of life in Makoko slums

culture

increasingly multicultural

home to Nollywood

many tourist sites and beaches, for example Lekki Conservation Centre

more traditional culture

fishing, timber works

children swim in dirty lagoons

ethnicity

multicultural (250 ethnic groups) but the dominant ethnic group is Yoruba

many international citizens, particularly from surrounding LIDCs

most migrants from Benin

founded by the Egun ethnic group

housing

huge range across the city with extremes like Makoko and Banana Island

Banana Island has 353 luxury land plots and the average price is 2 mil for an apartment

only 10% of residents own their house

most houses are on stilts over the lagoon - also have high fire risk

leisure

widespread opportunities, including:

  • Freedom Park

  • Funtopia water park

small scale, dancing, churches

people go to bars to watch premier league games

consumption

many luxury shops and restaurants, for example the Palms, largest shopping mall

20% unemployment and most employed in primary means low disposable income


challenge

why

explanation

housing availability

only 2,000 official homes built per year but 2,000 people move in per day

lots of illegal and unregistered houses because many can’t afford homes

extensive slum creation like Makoko, which houses 250,000 people

most people don’t own the land they live on so governments can just bulldoze houses

also means residents don’t want to improve their region

transport provision

city has grown very fast and it doesn’t have the money to fund big transport infrastructure

many can’t afford private transport

there is no city wide rail system and only 3 bridges from mainland to Lagos island

also many traffic issues and it’s one of the most polluted cities

enormous traffic jams

the ports are also overwhelmed by volume of trade

waste management

10,000 tonnes of waste per day and growing - 12% of which is plastic

due to lack of clean tap water - 60 million water bottles per day

40% of rubbish is collected, remainder is burnt or discarder

causes death of fish (bad for Makoko fishing communities)

30 landfill sites around the lagoon pollute the waterways

health impacts and dangerous for children

strategy

what does it do

facts

environmental sustainability

economic sustainability

social sustainability

Eko Atlantic

overcome the cities housing problem by building new housing on reclaimed land

25km²

started in 2009

  • sea wall will protect from rising sea levels

  • energy efficient

  • 150,000 trees being planted

  • concrete is bad for environment

  • will promote Lagos as a financial hub and benefit wider Lagos

  • job creation

  • houses will be too expensive for most

  • exclusive, might cause resentment and inequality

  • geared towards tourists over locals

floating houses

housing crisis/education

floating school on Lagos Lagoon and could be rolled out to include shops and houses

  • solar panel construction on roofs

  • harvest rainwater

  • will adapt to rising sea level

  • lots of deforestation impact

  • relatively cheap

  • only a prototype, needs funding which many can’t give

  • jobs for locals

  • focus on low income areas

  • overcomes issues of tenure

tempohousing

housing crisis

recycled shipping containers converted into housing

  • recycling old containers

  • nearby port means moving containers doesn’t have a huge carbon footprint

  • 30% cheaper than bricks and concrete

  • still unaffordable for many slum dwellers (£7,000)

  • houses don’t last as long

  • local firm creating these

  • can be built much quicker than normal housing

  • small company