Psychology Sac 1 

]]Data types -]]

Data is also known as imperial evidence, There are 5 types of data -

  • Primary - evidence collected through new research
  • Secondary - someone else’s work or research
  • Subjective data - Is based on opinion
  • Objective data - can be observed or measured
  • Qualitative data - the quality of data often described in words
  • Quantitative data - is collected through numbers or measurements

}}Independent variable, Dependant variable and Controlled variables -}}

The IV in an experiment is that is systematically changed or manipulated by the experimenter in order to measure the effects on the dependent variable.

The DV is the variable in an experiment that is observed or measured and is expected to change as a result of the manipulation of the IV.

The CV is one that is considered to have an effect on the DV in an experiment so it needs to be held constant to remove its effects on the DV or result.

}}Hypothesis -}}

The hypothesis is a tentative and testable prediction of a relationship between two or more events or characteristics.

  • 1. research hypothesis - a basic and simple status that one event or characteristics influences, causes or contributes to the second
  • 2. operational hypothesis - more complex and expands on the IV and DV

EG. operational hypothesis

^^Teenagers^^ who ==run 5km each night== will decrease the %%number of negative words that they use when writing a creative story%% compared to ==those who don’t.==

{{Typical and Atypical behaviour -{{

Typical behaviour is what would usually occur in appropriate and expected in a given situation.

Atypical behaviour is that which Is not typical, it differs in some ways from what is expected in a given way or situation.

What needs to be considered -

  • Cultural perspectives - what is appropriate in a particular society or culture that is perceived as normal
  • Social norms - Shared standards or social beliefs about what is typical
  • Statical rarity - if a large majority of the population thinks or acts in a certain way
  • Maladaptive behaviour - behaviour that interferes with someone’s ability to appropriately and effectively work in their environment
  • Personal distress - if a behaviour causes an individual distress

Adaptive behaviour involves actions that enable a person to carry out everyday tasks

Maladaptive behaviour interferes with a person’s ability to carry out everyday tasks

Abnormality is a pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are distressing and dysfunctional

<<Neurodiversity -<< Neurodiversity describes people whose neurological development and cognitive functioning are atypical and therefore deviate from what is considered typical in the general population

Neurotypicallity is used to describe people whose neurological development and cognitive functioning are typical, conforming to what most people consider to be normal in the general population

Autism spectrum disorder -

about 2% of the population has Autism spectrum disorder

ASD affects a person’s perception of the world and interactions with the environment and others.

People with ASD can often have restricted and repetitive behaviours

ASD is a spectrum and everyone is different