Instructional Process

• Learning objectives must be age-appropriate, clear, and succinct.

• Early-stage teaching, at concept introduction, should include terms such as Identify, Match, or Define

• Later stage teaching, as students grow and demonstrate mastery, should include higher order thinking terms such as Analyze, Interpret, and Predict

• Teachers should consider what the purpose of a lesson is and how the lesson connects to state standards correlated to the topic

• To determine the responsiveness of a lesson, teachers must consider:

  • if the lesson is age-appropriate

  • the skills and abilities of the students

  • the interests, cultures, and backgrounds of the students

• Prioritize scaffolding content

Learning Theories

• Constructivism

  • Created by Piaget

  • Allows students to construct their own perceptions of the world

• Humanism

  • Created by Maslow and Rogers

  • Person-centered with a focus on personal growth and self actualization

  • Proposes that people have a natural desire to learn

• Connectivism

  • Created by Siemens and Downes

  • proposes that learning occurs from making connections and that learning occurs externally

• Experiential Learning

  • Created by Kohb

  • proposes that students learn better through physical exploration and interactions with environments with hands-on learning

• Multiple Intelligences

  • Created by Gardner

  • proposes that there are 8 different versions of intelligences and learning types in individuals

Intradisciplinary Instruction: When several elements of a single subject are incorporated into a lesson

Interdisciplinary Instruction: When several subject areas are being applied/referenced to one another in a lesson