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1. Mugwumps
   Republicans who hated the patronage or spoils system, and stayed away from it relying on more of a merit based system. These republicans were seen as reformers, fighting against political corruption, and also showing divide in the republican party’s political opinions.

2. Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890
   It was an act which prompted the government to create more coins out of the silver supply int he treasury. This was in response to the demands of the populist party, who wanted unlimited coinage of silver, to allow for more inflation, and economic easing on the working class. The populists were unhappy with the response as they wanted more, and it further caused ebates, showing the divide between the wealthy and working classes.

3. Panic of 1893
   A severe economic depression caused by the crash of the stock market and the bankruptcy of multiple railroad companies. It was caused by over speculation and overexpansion of railroad companies, and was solved by the US government being bailed by the banker J.P Morgan. It further fueled populist party ideology, and painted the government as only a support of big business. 

4. Coxey’s Army
   This was a march of unemployed workers on Washington D.C., led by Jacob Coxey, demanding government jobs and public works programs. It showed the depth of the economic hardship caused by the depression and the rise of populist ideology. The march itself was unsuccessful. 

5. The People's Party (The Populists)
   Was a party, which focused on fighting for workers rights such as better work environment, and less work hours, including more federal regulation on commerce and transportation systems like the railroads. They also fought for unlimited coinage of silver, to further increase inflation, and allow worker class people to have a livable wage. 

6. Omaha Platform
   This was the base platform of the populist party. It called for reforms such as the direct election of senators, a graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, and the unlimited coinage of silver, as said before. 

7. William Jennings Bryan
   Was the democratic nominee for presidency, who had a political ideology which was a fusion of democratic and populist ideals. He was known to be in support of the free silver movement, and ran against the republican mckinley, where he lost. 

8. Cross of Gold Speech
   Was written by william jennings bryan, and vehemently discredited the gold standard, and gave the benefits of free silver coinage, and how it would help farmers and workers by giving them more access to capital. He found the gold standard to oppressive, where he states that using the gold standard would be amount to crucifying him to the “golden cross”

9. Free Silver
   This was the movement to expand the money supply through the unlimited coinage of silver, instead of relying on the gold standard. It was a key issue of the time, symbolizing the struggle between farmers and debtors and the power of bankers and creditors. The "free silver" movement was crucial to the rise of the Populist movement
   Eugene Debs
   American socialist who founded the IWWW.  supported the populist message 

10. Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
    This act outlawed "combinations in restraint of trade"4. It was one of the first federal attempts to regulate business, although it was not very effective

11. Pendleton Act of 1881
    This act set up the Civil Service Commission, which created a system where applicants for federal jobs were selected based on their scores on competitive examinations rather than their political connections17. The law also prohibited civil servants from making political contributions

12. Credit Mobilier Scandal
    The Crédit Mobilier scandal was a political and economic corruption scheme that involved the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier construction company. The scandal took place from 1864 to 1867 during the construction of the eastern portion of the transcontinental railroad. 

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