Navigation Rules Summary

General Application

  • Rules apply to all vessels on high seas and navigable waters.
  • Special rules may exist for harbors, inland waterways, and vessels under convoy.
  • Compliance can vary for vessels of special purpose as determined by governments.

Definitions

  • Vessel: Any watercraft, including non-displacement and seaplanes.
  • Power-driven vessel: Propelled by machinery.
  • Sailing vessel: Under sail without propelling machinery in use.
  • Vessel engaged in fishing: Uses nets or lines restricting maneuverability.
  • Vessel not under command: Unable to maneuver as required.
  • Restricted visibility: Conditions limiting sight due to weather.

Responsibilities

  • Vessels must comply with rules; failure may result in responsibility for collisions.
  • Special circumstances may necessitate deviations from rules to avoid danger.

Critical Rules

  • Look-out: Vessels must maintain a proper look-out.
  • Safe Speed: Must be maintained to allow effective collision avoidance.
  • Risk of Collision: Vessels must determine and act if there is doubt regarding risk.
  • Action to Avoid Collision: Must take positive and ample action to avoid collisions.
  • Narrow Channels: Stay near starboard edge, and do not impede larger vessels.
  • Traffic Separation Schemes: Follow guidelines for navigating these areas.

Conduct in Visibility Conditions

  • Visibility: Rules differ based on whether vessels can see each other or are in restricted visibility.
  • Head-on situation: Power-driven vessels should turn starboard to pass port side.
  • Crossing situation: Give-way vessels must keep clear of those they encounter.
  • Overtaking: The overtaking vessel must keep clear of the vessel being overtaken.

Lights and Shapes

  • Compliance required in all weather, with specific requirements during sunset to sunrise.
  • Lights and shapes to be exhibited as specified, including during restricted visibility when necessary.