Honors Anatomy

Vocabulary to be sure to know:

Cutaneous membrane- skin, the body’s largest organ

Epidermis (Outermost layer of skin) , dermis (thick middle layer of skin) , hypodermis (deepest layer) (subcutaneous)

Stratum corneum(outermost layer of skin, composed of dead cells), stratum germinativum (deepest layer, new cells produced)

Melanocytes (skin, hair, eyes, cells producing melanin), melanin (natural skin tint), keratinocytes (cells found in epidermis) , keratin (protein that forms hair skin nails) , collagen (protein of connective tissues)

Dermoepidermal junction ( the boundary where the dermis and epidermis meet)

All the structures present in the dermis - nerve endings (detect pain & temperature), Pacinian & Meissner’s corpuscles (detect pressure & light touch), blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (sebum)

cyanosis ( a discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes caused by low levels of oxygen in the blood)

Parts of hair - follicle, shaft(above skin) , arrector pili muscles ( small smooth muscle)

Parts of nails - free edge(end of nail) , nail body, root(under the cuticle) , cuticle(skin nail grows from), lunula (white part on nail)

Skin cancer - 3 types (melonoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma)

First, second, third degree burns - what’s the difference?

First is like a sunburn and outer layer, second is outer and some of the inner like a iron burn, 3rd goes through all layers of the skin

Tissues - epidermis is most epithelial tissue, dermis is made of all types of tissue epithelial + connective (e.g., collagen fibers make it tough) + nervous + muscle (arrector pili)

What are the functions of the skin? to protect, regulate body temp, prevent water loss, synthesize vitamin d, detect stiumli

What changes happen to the skin as we age? it becomes thinner, less elastic, and more dry. Compare the skin of a baby vs. older person.  What is lanugo? the hair a baby is born with

Where does the sebum go after it is produced by sebaceous glands? 

through the hair folicle to the skins surface and oil duct