Vocabulary

Unit 10 Communication and Media

Topic vocabulary: Communication

Topic vocabulary: The media

Phrasal verbs

Phrases, patterns, collocations

Word formation

Declaration – nyilatkozat

An announcement, often one that is written and official

The president made a declaration to address the country’s economic crisis.

(Un)declared – (nem)kijelenteni

Announced openly or officially/Not announced or made known

She has declared her candidacy for major.

Edition – kiadás

A particular form in which a book, magazine, or newspaper is published

This new edition of the book includes updated information.

Editor – szerkesztő

The person responsible for preparing content for publication by reviewing and revising it

She’s a senior editor in the reference department of a publishing company.

Editorship – szerkesztőség

The position or role of an editor, often responsible for a publication’s content

Under the editorship, the magazine gained popularity.

(Un)edited – szerkesztett/szerkesztettlen

Having been revised and prepared for publication/Not revised and prepared for publication

The film was released in both edited and unedited versions.

Editorial(ly) – szerkesztőségileg, szerkesztőségi

In a way that relates to editors or their work

Editorially, the newspaper supports environmental protection.

Exclamation – felkiáltás

Something you say or shout suddenly because of surprise, fear, pleasure…

She let out an exclamation of joy when she won the prize.

Exclamatory – felkiáltó

Expressed as a sudden or emphatic shout or remark

His exclamatory tone showed just how shocked he was.

Expression – kifejezés

The act of saying what you think or showing how you feel using words or actions

Her face was a clear expression of disbelief.

Expressiveness – kifejezőképesség

The state of showing what someone thinks or feels

The expressiveness of his eyes is remarkable.

Expressionism – expresszionizmus

An artistic style emphasizing the portrayal of emotional experience rather that physical reality

Expressionism in art often depicts intense emotions and subjective perspectives.

Expressionist – expresszionista

An artist or artwork that adheres to the style of expressionism

He was a well-known expressionist painter whose work depicted raw emotion.

Expressive(ly) – kifejező(en)

Showing or capable of showing strong emotions or thoughts

She nodded expressively to show her agreement.

Expressionless(ly) – kifejezéstelenül

In a way that does not show what someone thinks or feels

He stared expressionlessly at the blank wall.

Expressly – kifejezetten

In a way that is clear

The contract expressly forbids sharing confidential information.

Overhear – hallani, kihallgatni

To hear what other people are saying without intending to and without their knowledge

I overheard a very funny conversation on the bus this morning.

Hearing – tárgyalás, meghallgatás

An official meeting that is held to collect the facts about an event or problem

A disciplinary hearing will examine charges of serious professional misconduct against three surgeons.

Hearsay – hallomás, szóbeszéd

Information that you have heard but do not know to be true

The evidence against them is all hearsay.

Implicate – belekever, belevon

To show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened

The evidence seemed to implicate him in the scandal.

Implication – következmények

The effect that an action or decision will have on something else in the future

What are the implications of the new law?

Implicit(ly) – hallgatólagosan, következésképpen

In a way that is suggested but not communicated directly

The agreement was implicitly understood, even though it wasn't written down.

Insistence – bizonygatás, hangoztatás, kihangsúlyozás

An occasion when you demand something and refuse to accept opposition, or when you say firmly that something is true

His insistence on quality was key to the project’s success.

Insistent – ragaszkodni, ragaszkodó

Firmly saying that something must be true or done

She was insistent that the deadline be met.

Meaning – jelentés/jelentése

The significance or purpose of something

The meaning of the poem became clear after analysis.

Meaninglessness – értelmetlenség, értelmetlen 

The quality of having no meaning

He found the routine tasks full meaninglessness.

Meaningless – értelmetlen, semmitmondó

Having no meaning

The phrase felt meaningless without context.

Meaningful(ly) – értelemszerű(en)

In a way that is intended to express a feeling or thought without saying it directly

She tilted her head meningfully towards him.

Rephrase – átfogalmazni

To say or write something again in a different and usually clear way

Could you rephrase your question, please?

Paraphrase – parafrazálni, átfogalmazni

To repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer

After reading the article, he paraphrased the main points for his report.

Phrasing – kifejezésmód, megfogalmazás

The choice of words used to express something

The phrasing of the contract is ambiguous.

Phraseology – frazeológia

The way in which language is used, especially in the choice of words and expressions

Legal documents often use a formal phraseology that can be difficult to understand.

Reprint – újra nyomtatás

To print a book again, or to be printed again

This book is a reprint of the 1920 edition.

Printing – nyomtatás

The process or business of producing printed material

The printing of the new book was delayed due to supply issue

Printer – nyomató

A machine for printing documents; also, a person or company involved in printing

Our office printer can scan, copy, and print.

Printout – kinyomtatott változat 

A printed copy of a document or data from a computer

I need a printout of the report for the meeting

Imprint – lenyomat; benyomás

To stamp or press a mark onto something; also, a mark left by such an action

The company logo was imprinted on each page.

Printed – fénymásolt, nyomtatott

Something that has been reproduced on paper by a printing process

She reviewed the printed version of the report.

(Un)printable – nyomtatható/nem nyomtatható

Suitable for printing or publication/Not appropriate to print, often due to offensive or inappropriate content

The article was full of unprintable language and had to be edited before publication.

Publicise – reklámozni

To make information about something generally available

They worked hard to publicize the upcoming charity event.

Publicity – nyilvánosság

Information or attention given to something or someone by the media

The film received a lot of publicity before its release.

Publication – közzététel, publikáció, kiadás

The act of making information or stories available to people in printed or electronic form

The brochure will be ready for publication in September.

Publicist – menedzser

A person responsible for managing the publicity and public image of a person or organization

The celebrity’s publicist arranged all her interviews.

Publicly – nyilvános, nyilvánosan

It is done so that everyone can know about it

He apologized publicly for his mistakes.

Gainsay – tagadni, nem elfogadni

To refuse to accept something as the truth

No one could gainsay the success of her project.

Saying – mondás

A well-known wise statement that often has a meaning that is different from the simple meanings of the words it contains

As the saying goes, "Don't count your chickens before they're hatched."

Unsaid – kimondatlan(ul)

Not said, although thought of or felt

Though he didn’t reply, his feelings remained unsaid but understood.

Spoke – beszélt

The past tense of speak, meaning to communicate verbally

She spoke passionately about the importance of education.

Speech – beszéd

A formal talk given usually to a large number of people on a special occasion

The mayor’s speech focused on community development.

Speaker – előadó

A person who gives a speech at a public event

The guest speaker shared valuable insights on climate change.

Spokesman – szóvivő

Someone who is chosen by a group or organization to speak officially to the public for the

The company’s spokesman addressed the media after the incident.

Outspokennes – szókimondás

The quality of expressing opinions honestly and directly

Her outspokenness made her both admired and criticized by her peers.

(Un)spoken – kimondott/kimondatlan

Expressed verbally/Not stated openly but understood

They had an unspoken agreement to support each other.

Speechless – szótlan, szóhoz sem jutni

Unable to speak because you are so angry, shocked, suprised

The news left us speechless.

Unspeakable – kimondhatatlan, elmondhatatlan

To bad or shocking to be expressed in words

The survivors endured unspeakable hardship.

Unspeakably – kimondhatatlanul

In a way that cannot be expressed in words, usually because it is too bad or shocking

The tragedy was unspeakably heartbreaking.

Outspoken(ly) – szókimondó

In a way that expresses strong opinions very directly without worrying if other people are offended

She was outspoken in her views about environmental protection.

Restate – újra fogalmazni

To say something again or in a different way

He restated his belief that the sanctions need more time to work

Overstate – túlértékelni, túlozni, túlbecsülni

To describe or explain something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is

He tends to overstate his achievements.

Understate – alábecsüli

To describe something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is

Her modesty made her understate the significance of her work.

Statement – közlemény, nyilatkozat

Something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion

The company released a statement about the recent data breach.

Understatement – kifejezés pl.: enyhe kifejezés

A description of something that makes it seem less important than it really is, often used for ironic effect

Saying it’s ‘a bit chilly’ when it’s below freezing is an understatement.

Overstatement – túlzás

The act of describing or explaining something in a way that makes it seem more important or more serious than it really is

Calling it the ‘best movie ever’ might be an overstatement.

Understated – visszafogott

Not trying to attract attention or impress people

Her outfit was simple yet elegantly understated.

Overstated – túlértékelni, túlbecsülni

To describe or explain something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is

The article overstated the impact of the new policy.

Suggestion – javaslat

A proposal, idea, or hint about what should be done or considered

He made a suggestion to improve the team’s workflow.

Suggestibility – befolyásolhatóság

The tendency to accept and act on suggestions from others

Children often have a high level of suggestibility.

Suggested – …szerint, célzás, ajánlott

Proposed or hinted at without being directly stated.

The weather forecast suggested it might rain tomorrow.

Suggestive(ly) – utalgatóan, sugallatosan

In a way that makes people think about sex

She raised her eyebrow suggestively.

Suggestible – befolyásolás

A person who is easily influenced by other people’s opinions

Young children are often more suggestible than adults.

Talker – beszélgetőpartner, beszélő

A person who talks a lot, too much, or in a particular way

She’s a natural talker and easily makes new friends.

Talkie – hangosfilmek

A cinema film with speech and sound made during the period when most films were silent

Talkies revolutionized the film industry in the late 1920s.

Talkback – beszélgetés alkotóval

A discussion of a play or film after it has been performed, between people who made it or performed in it and people who watched it

After the play, the director held a talkback session with the audience.

Talkative – beszédes, bőbeszédű

Talking a lot

She’s a lively, talkative person.

Typeset – szerkesztés

To arrange printed text and images on the page when preparing a book, newspaper, etc. for printing

The book was carefully typeset to enhance readability.

Typecast – tipizálás

To always give an actor the same type of character to play, usually because he or she is physically suited to that type of part

After his role as a villain, he was typecast and struggled to find diverse roles.

Typify – tipikus, tipizás

Something that typifies a particular group of things shows all the characteristics that you would usually expect from it

With his blond, blue-eyed athletic looks, he typifies the all-American boy next door.

Typist – gépíró

Someone who types documents, often as a profession

She worked as a typist for the law firm, preparing reports and contracts.

Typewriter – írógép

A machine with keys that you press to produce letters and numbers on paper

He still uses an old typewriter.

Typeface – betűtípus  

Letters and numbers in a particular design, used in printing or on a computer screen

They chose a modern typeface for the company’s new branding materials.

Typesetting – szedés, szerkesztés, elrendezés

The activity of arranging printed text and images on the page when preparing a book, newspaper, etc. for printing

The pages are ready for typesetting

Typesetter – gépíró

A preson, company, or machine that typesets books, newspapers

Errors by proofreaders and typesetters had leaked into some texts.

Typescript – gépirat, gépelt szöveg

A typed copy of piece of writing such as a book

The author submitted her typescript to the publisher for review.

Typewritten – gépelt

Typed with a typewriter or, more generally, by a machine rather than handwritten

He found a typewritten letter from his grandfather among old papers.

Typical(ly) – általában, jellemzően

Characteristic of a particular person, place, or thing; usual

Typically, she arrives early to avoid the morning rush.

Reword – átfogalmazni

To express something in a different way, often to clarify meaning.

He reworded the sentence to make it easier to understand.

(Re)wording – átfogalmazás

The specific choice and arrangement of words in a statement

The contract’s wording was rephrased to be legally precise.

Wordplay – szójáték

The activity of joking about the meanings of words, especially in an intelligent way

The poet’s wordplay added humor to the otherwise serious poem.

Wordy – szószátyár,

Containing too many words

Her essay was a bit wordy and could be more concise.

(Re)worded – újra fogalmazni

Having been expressed or phrased again in a new way

The instructions were reworded to be more user-friendly.

Wordless(ly) – szó nélkül, szótlanul

Without any words being spoken

He wordlessly pulled a camera from his pocket.

Rewrite – átírni, újraírni

To write something such as a book or speech again, in order to improve it or change it

He had to rewrite his essay after receiving feedback from the teacher.

(Re)wrote – átírta, újraírta

Past tense of rewrite; to have written something again or differently.

She rewrote the introduction to make it more engaging

(Re)written – valamit átírni valami megkezdése előtt

Having been written again or revised.

The script was rewritten several times before filming began.

Writing(s) – írások, tanulmányok

The written works of a person, especially when they have been published as books

The philosopher’s writings are still widely studied.

Writer – író

A person who writes books or articles to be published

As a writer, she has published multiple novels

Unwritten – íratlan

Something that is unwritten does not exist in a written or printed form

There’s an unwritten rule that everyone helps clean up after a party.

Unit 12 Chance and Nature

Topic vocabulary: Chance

Approximate – megközelítőleg

Not completely accurate but close

The train’s approximate time of arrival is 10:30.

Ascribe – tulajdonít, betud

To believe that or say that something is caused by something else

To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success?

Assign – kioszt, eloszt, beoszt

To give a particular job or piece of work to someone

The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.

Attribute – sajátosság, jellegzetesség, jellegzetes tulajdonság

To say or think that something is the result of a particular thing

Her success can be attributed to three main factors.

Blow – csapás, csalódás

An event that causes you to feel very sad, disappointed or shocked

Failing to get into university was a real blow.

Cause – okozni valamit (ige)

To make something happen, usually something bad

What caused the building to collapse?

Cause – valaminek az oka (főnév)

An event, thing or person that makes something bad

The cause of the fire still hasn’t been found.

Coincidence – egybeeső, ütköző, egybevágó

A situation in which separate things happen by chance at the same time or in the same way

It is just coincidence that Sandra and I were both in New York at the same time.

Curse – átkozni, átok

Magic (words) that are intended to bring bad luck

The wicked witch puts a curse on the house.

Deliberate – szándékos, átgondolt, megfontolt

Intended, not done by chance or by accident

I’m sure what she did was not deliberate.

Determine – megállapítani, meghatározni

To discover the facts or truth about something

The police never actually determined the cause of death.

Fate – sors, végzet

A power that some people believe controls everything that happens in their lives

I like to just leave things to fate.

Fluctuate – ingadozik, változik, hullámzik

To change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another

The price of gold has fluctuated quite a lot in recent months.

Foresee – előre lát, sejt, megjósol,

To know about something before it happens; to see something that will happen in the future

We don’t foresee any problems.

Freak – őrült; furcsa szerzet, csodabogár,

Very unusual or unexpected; something with very unusual features that make it very different from other things of its type.

Some people were injurred in a freak storm; People thing I am a bit of freak because i like silent films.

Gamble – eljátszik, elver, elveszít

To do something that involves risks that might result in loss of money or failure, hoping to get money or achieve success

I never gamble what I can’t afford to lose.

Haphazard – rendszertelen, ötletszerű, véletlen

Not having an obvious order or plan

The town seems to have grown in quite a haphazard way.

Hazard – kockázat, rizikó, veszély

Something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage

Dad suddenly braked because he saw a hazard in the road.

Inadvertent – nem szándékos, véletlen,

Not intentional, deliberate

All authors need to be wary of inadvertent copying of other people's ideas.

Instrumental – közreműködő, hozzájáruló, nagy része van valamiben

Involved in an important way in making something happen

He was instrumental in saving the company.

Jinxed – elátkozott

Having or believed to bring bad luck

I must be jinxed – whenever i wash a wine glass, it breaks.

Likelihood – valószínűség

The chance that something will happen

The likelihood of success is quite low.

Lucky charm – szerencsehozó talizmán

An object or person that is thought to bring good luck

I always take my lucky charm into the exam with me.

Meander – bolyongás, kóborlás, kószálás

To walk slowly without any clear direction

We spent the afternoon meandering around the streets of the old town

Mishap – baleset, baj, balsors, szerencsétlenség, kellemetlenség

Bad luck, or an unlucky event or accident

We had a few mishaps ont he way, but at least we are here now.

Mutate – változik, átalakul, megváltoztat, mutálódni

To become phisically different from other plants or animals of the same type as a result of a genetic change

Radiation has caused plants in the area to mutate.

Odds – esélyek

The chance of something happening

What are the odds on winning the lottery?

Pick – választani (v), választás (n)

To choose someone or something from a group; choice

Mrs. Kay picked me to help her give out the books.

Pot luck – szerencsén múlik

A situation in which you do not know what to expect, but you hope that it will be good

You can’t predict the weather in Britain in the summer, so it’s just pot luck what it’ll be like for our holiday.

Random – random, véletlenszerű

Happening, done, or chosen by chance rather than according to a plan

Think of a random number.

Sign – jel, jelek, utalás(ok)

Something that shows that something else exists or might happen or exist in the future

There were signs that someone had been there before us.

Speculate – találgatni, spekulálni

To consider or discuss why something has happened

He refused to speculate on what might happen.

Spontaneous – spontán

Happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced

Leaving my job was a spontaneous thing.

Startle – megijeszteni

To do something unexpected that surprises and sometimes worries a person or animal

Liam startled me when he suddenly appeared next to me.

Statistics – statisztika, adatok

A group of number that represent facts or describe a situation

But the statistics simply don’t support the view. 

Stray – letérni (ige)

To move away from the correct place or path

My mother warned me no to stray from the path.

Stray – kóbor (melléknév)

Lost or without a home

The number of stray dogs is becoming a real problem.

Stray – kóbor állat (főnév)

A pet that is lost or has left its home

There are too many strays around here.

Superstitious – babonás

Beliefs based on old ideas about luck and magic rather science or reason

I’m quite superstitious, so I never walk under ladders.

Superstition – babona

A belief that things such as magic or luck have the power to affect your life

You don’t believe that old superstition about the number 13, do you?

Transpire – megtudni

To happen

Perhaps we will never know what transpired that night.

Uncertainty – bizonytalanság

A situation in which something is not known, or something that is not known or certain

Nothing is ever decided, and all the uncertainty is very bad for staff morale.

Wobble – inogni

To (cause something to) shake or move around from side to side in a way that shows poor balance

The statue wobbled and fell over.

Topic vocabulary: Nature

Agriculture – mezőgazdaság, földművelés

The work, business or study of farming

I’m thinking of studying agriculture.

Appreciate – méltányol, értékel, nagyra becsül

To understand a situation and realize that it is important

We appreciate the need for immediate action.

Catastrophe – katasztrófa, szerencsétlenség

A sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction

Many people lost their lives in the catastrophe.

Crop – termés, termény

A plant grown for food, usually on farm

Coffee is an important crop in Brazil.

Drought – szárazság, aszály

A long period when there is little or no rain

This year severe drought has ruined the crops.

Evacuate – kiürít, kivon, elvezényel, evakuál, elszállít

To move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe

The police evacuated the village shortly before the explosion.

Exploit – kiaknáz, hasznosít, üzembe vesz, kitermel

To use something for your own benefit

We could make a lot of money if we exploit our natural resources in the right way.

Exploit – kihasznál, kizsákmányol

To treat someone unfairly in order to make money or get an advantage

Law exists to stop companies exploiting their employees.

Famine – éhínség, éhség, éhezés

A situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens

We’re raising money to help victims of the famine.

Flood – ár, dagály, árvíz, áradás,

To fill or become covered with water or to cause this to happen to something

The river flooded the whole city; the flood caused millions of euros damage.

Fossil fuels – fosszilis üzemanyagok/tűzanyagok

Gas, coal, and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal remains millions of years ago

Burning fossil fuels gives off carbon dioxide.

Global warming – globális felmelegedés

An increase in the average temperature of the Earth

It’s difficult to deny that global warming is really happeing.

Greenery – zöldes

Green plants or branches, especially when cut and used as decoration

I love living here because there’s quite a lot of greenery.

Habitat – élőhely

The natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

The panda is threatened by the disappearance of its habitat.

Harvest – arat, begyűjt, betakarít (ige); aratás, begyűjtés, betakarítás (főnév)

To pick and collect crops, or to collect plants, animals, or fish as food; the time when a crop is collected

They were harvesting the grapes when we were in France; Everyone helps during the harvest.

Hurricane – orkán, forgószél, szélvihar, hurrikán

A violent wind that has a circular movement

The state of Florida was hit by a hurricane that did serious damage.

Instinct – ösztön

The way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it

All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait for help.

Natural disaster – természeti katasztrófa

A natural event such as a flood, earthquake, or tsunami that kills or injures a lot of people

It is not possible to prevent most natural disasters.

Resource – forrás, erőforrás

A useful or valuable possession, such as oil or gas, that a country has and that can be sold

The country’s main resource is the vast oil fields.

Scarce – szűkös, ritka, kevés, nehezen beszerezhető

Not easy to find or get

Food and clean water were becoming scarce. 

Species – faj, fajok

A set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can be bread with each other

Mountain gorillas are an endangered species.

Phrasal Verbs

Chance upon – véletlen folytán, véletlenül rábukkanni

Find or see someone or something when you did not expect to

While exploring the old part of town, we chanced upon a quaint little bookstore filled with rare books.

Come across – rábukkanni, megtalálni, rátalálni

Meet someone or find something by chance

I came across my old diary while cleaning the attic.

Cool down – lehűlni, megnyugodni

Become cooler, or make something cooler

After the intense workout, it’s important to walk for a bit to cool down.

Cut back (on) – csökkenteni, visszavenni

Reduce the amount of something, especially money that you spend

To save money, we decie to cut back on eating out every weekend.      

Die out – kihal, kikop,

Become weaker or less common and then disappear completely

Many ancient languages have died out doue to lack of soeakers.

Dig up – felás, kiás, kikapar

Remove something from under the ground by digging; dig holes in an area of land; find information by searching carefully

The archaeologists managed to dig up some interesting artifacts at the site.

Dry up – kiszárad, elapad

If something dries up or is dried up, all the water comes out of it; stop being available 

The river tends to dry up during.

Get through – keresztülvisz, keresztüljut,

Use or finish something; manage to deal with a difficult situation or stay alive until it is over; finish dealing with some work, a subject, etc

I finally got through that challenging novel I’d been reading.

Heat up – felmelegít, előmelegít, megmelegít,

Make something hot; become hot

Leftovers can quickly heat up in the microwave for a fast meal.

Kill off – leöldös, kiírt, kipusztít,

Destroy living things so that most or all of them are dead

The harsh winter killed off many of the garden plants.

Put down to – annak tudható be, köszönheti

If you put something down to a particular reason, you think it has happened for that reason

Her success can be put down to her determination and hard work.

Slip up – elcsúszni, lecsúszni, elrontani

Make a careless mistake

I slipped up on the last question of the exam and lost a few points.

Spring up – megjelennek

Appear or be produced suddenly and quickly

New cafes have started to spring up all over the neighborhood.

Store up – felraktározni, feltankolni, eltenni szűkösebb időkre

Keep a lot of something so that you can use it later; do something that will cause problems in the future

It’s wise to store up some essentials before the winter storms hit.

Throw out – kidobni, megszabadulni

Get rid of something that you no longer want, for example by putting it in a dustbin; force someone to leave a place or group; if someone in authority throws out a plan, proposal, etc they refuse to accept it

They decided to throw out the old couch and buy a new one.

Throw up – kihordani

Produce something new or unexpected; cause something such as dust or water to rise into

The storm threw up a lot of sand onto the roads along the coast.

Phrases, patterns, and collocations

Bet (sth) on – fogadni valamire

To invest or risk a lot of money in the belief that something will happen

Global currency markets bet big on the pound remaining weak.

Make a bet (with sb) – fogadást kötni (valakivel)

To make an agreement with someone in which you wager money or something of value on the outcome of an event

I made a bet with my friend that our team would win the match, but now I’m starting to think I might lose.

Safe bet – biztos, biztos benne

To be something that you are certain will happen

It’s a safe bet that Martin will be the last to arrive.         

Know/say for certain – biztosra tudni/megmondani

To know or say something without doubt

I don’t know/can’t say for certain if she is coming.

Certain to do – biztosra venni, biztosnak lenni valamiben

Used to describe something that is sure to happen or someone who is sure to do something

With all the practice he’s put in, he’ certain to pass the exam with flying Coors.

Make certain – meggyőződni róla

to take action so that you are certain that something happens, is true, etc.:

Before leaving the office, he wanted to make certain that all the reports were submitted on time.

Certain of/about – biztosnak lenni valamivel kapcsolatban

Feeling completely sure or confident about something

She was certain about her decision to move abroad, despite her friends’ doubts.

A certain (amount of sth) – egy bizonyos (mennyiségű)

A specific but not precisely stated quantity or level of something

The recipe requires a certain amount of sugar, but you can adjust it to your taste.

Take a chance (on) – vállalni a kockázatot, megkockáztatni

To do something risky or uncertain with the hope of a positive outcome

She decided to take a chance on the new job offer, even though it meant moving to a different city.

Leave to chance – a véletlenre bízni

To allow something to happen randomly or without planning, instead of making sure it occurs in a particular way

Thy didn’t want to leave anything to chance, so they double-checked all the travel arrangements before the big event.

By chance – véletlenül, véletlenszerűen

Accidentally or without planning; happening unexpectedly

I met my old friend by chance while shopping downtown, and we ended up catching up over coffee.

By any chance – esetleg, véletlenül

Used to ask politely if something might be true, or if someone might have or know something

Do you, by any chance, have an extra pen I could borrow?

The/somebody’s chances of (doing) – valaki esélye arra, hogy megtegye

The likelihood or probability that someone will succeed in or be able to do something

With all her experience, her chances of getting the promotion are very high.

The chance to do – a lehetőség/esély, hogy

An opportunity or possibility to do something

He was thrilled to have the chance to travel abroad for the first time.

Second chance – második esély/lehetőség

An opportunity to try again after a previous failure or mistake

After losing his job, he was grateful for a second chance when he was offered a position at a different company.

Last chance – utolsó esély

The final opportunity to do something before it is no longer possible

This is your last chance to buy tickets for the concert before they sell out.

Pure/sheer chance – teljesen véletlen

An occurrence that happens purely by luck or coincidence, without any planning or intention

It was pure chance that I found my lost wallet in the park after all those months.

There's every /no chance that – minden esély megvan rá hogy

Used to express the likelihood or unlikelihood of something happening or being true

There's every chance that they will win the championship this year, given their strong performance so far

By dint of – azáltal, hogy; annak köszönhető hogy

As a result of; through the effort or means of something

By dint of hard work and perseverance, she was able to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor.

Waste disposal – hulladékártalmatlanítás

The process of discarding or getting rid of waste materials in a safe and efficient manner

The city has implemented new waste disposal regulations to reduce environmental impact and promote recycling.

At somebody’s disposal – valaki rendelkezésére állni

Available for someone's use or convenience; ready to be used by someone as they see fit.

The resources of the library are at your disposal for your research project.

At the disposal of – a következők rendelkezésére

Available for someone or something to use; under the control or management of someone

The new technology is at the disposal of all employees to help improve productivity.

Find yourself (doing) – azon kapod magad, hogy

To realize that you are in a particular situation or doing something, often without intending to.

She found herself spending more and more time at the office.

Find somebody doing – rájönni, hogy valaki mit csinál

To notice someone in the act of doing something, often unexpectedly

I found him reading my notes without asking permission.

Find sth difficult/interesting etc – valamit valamilyennek találni

To perceive or experience something as being a certain way, such as challenging, engaging, or enjoyable

Many students find math difficult at first, but it becomes easier with practice.

Find your way – metalálni az utad/utat, kiigazodni

To navigate or successfully reach a destination; also, to achieve a sense of direction or purpose

With a little help, she was able to find her way through the complex museum layout.

Green politics – zöld politika, környezettudatos politika

Political movements and policies focused on environmental issues, sustainability, and conservation

Green politics have gained popularity as people become more concerned about climate change.  

Green belt – zöld övezet

A designated area of land, usually around a city, where building is restricted to preserve open space and limit urban sprawl

The city’s green belt helps maintain natural landscapes and prevent overdevelopment.

(Give somebody) the green light – zöld utat adni valakinek, engedélyt adni

To give someone permission to proceed with plan or action

The manager gave us the green light to start the new project next week.

Greenhouse – üvegház

A structure, usually made of glass, used for growing plants in a controlled environment.

She grows her vegetables in a greenhouse to protect them from harsh weather.

The greenhouse effect – üvegházhatás

The trapping of heat in the Earth’s atmosphere due to gases like carbon dioxide, leading to global warming

Scientists are researching ways to reduce the greenhouse effect to combat climate change.

Guess at – kitalálni, találgatni

To attempt to estimate or figure out something without sufficient information

I had to guess at the answer since I hadn’t studied that part of the material.

Guess that – gondolom

To suppose or assume something might be true without being certain

I guess that they’re not coming, since it’s already late and they haven’t called.

Guess right – jól tippelni, kitalálni

To make a correct assumption or answer even if you’re not sure it’s correct

I guessed right about the surprise party – they were all waiting for me when I arrived.

Take/make/hazard a guess (at) – találgatni, kitalálni, kockáztatni

To attempt an answer or assumption even if you’re not sure it’s correct

Just hazard a guess at how many candies are in the jar – it doesn’t have to be exact.

Rough guess – durva becslés

An approximate or not very precise estimation

My rough guess is that the repairs will cost about $500.

Wild guess – vad tipp, merész tipp

A completely random or uninformed guess, often with little chance of being correct

He took a wild guess at the quiz answer and surprisingly got it right.

Lucky guess – szerencsés tipp

A correct answer or assumption made by chance rather than through knowledge or reasoning

He got the answer right on the quiz with a lucky guess, even though he hadn’t studied that topic.

Educated guess – megalapozott találgatás

An assumption based on some prior knowledge or reasonable evidence

Based on the data, her educated guess was that sales would increase next quarter.

At a guess – becslés szerint

An information phrase used to introduce a guess

At a guess, I’d say the package will arrive by Friday.

Happen to do – ha esetleg

To do something by chance or by coincidence, often unexpectedly

If you happen to see Sarah, could you tell her I’m looking for her?

It so happens that – úgy adódik/adódott, történetesen

Used to introduce a surprising or coincidental fact or situation

It so happens that I have an extra ticket to the concert if you’d like to join me.

As it happens – történetesen

Used to indicate that something is coincidentally true or relevant to the situation

As it happens, I was just thinking about calling you when you rang. 

Thunder and lightning –mennydörgés és villámlás

The occurrence of thunder sounds and flashes of lightning, often during a storm

We had to rush indoors when thunder and lightning started during the picnic.

A bolt/flash of lightning – villámlás/villámcsapás

A single, sudden burst of lightning seen during a storm

A bolt of lightning struck the tree right outside our window.

Struck by lightning – belecsap a villám

Literally, to be hit by lightning; figuratively, to experience something sudden and unexpected

He was struck by lightning while hiking, but fortunately, he wasn’t seriously injured.  

At lightning speed – villámgyorsan

Extremely quickly; very fast

She completed the project at lightning speed to meet the deadline.

Push your luck – kísérteni a szerencsét

To try too hard to get a particular result and risk losing what you have achieved

She already let you borrow her car once; don’t push your luck by asking again tomorrow.         

Wish sb luck – sok szerencsét kívánni

To express hope that someone will succeed or do well

Before his interview, we all wished him luck.

Trust to luck – bízni a szerencsében

To rely on chance rather than planning or preparation

With no map, we had to trust to luck to find our way back.

Bring you luck – szerencsét hozni

To bring good fortune or success

He always carries a lucky coin, believing it will bring him luck.

The luck of the draw – a sorsolás szerencséje

The outcome based solely on chance or randomness

It was the luck of the draw that determined our group assignments.

A stroke/piece of luck – szerencse, szerencsés véletlen

An unexpected occurrence of good fortune

Finding a parking spot right outside was a real stroke of luck. 

As luck would have it – a szerencse úgy hozta

By chance or fortune, often with an unexpected result

As luck would have it, it started to rain just after we’d put up the tent.

In luck – szerencsésen

To be fortunate or have good luck

You are in luck – there’s one ticket left for the show!

With any luck – ha szerencsénk van, egy kis szerencsével

Expressing hope that something will happen as desired

With any luck, the weather will stay clear for our hike tomorrow.

Completely/totally natural – teljesen természetes

Entirely occurring without any artificial processes or additives

These juices are completely natural, with no added sugars.

Natural causes – természetes okok

Causes related to aging or health, without external factors; often used in relation to death

He passed away peacefully of natural causes.

Natural ability – természetes képesség/adottság

A talent or skill someone is born with

She has a natural ability for languages and learns them quickly.

Natural resources – természeti erőforrások

Materials or substances found in nature that are valuable to humans, such as water, minerals, and forests

Countries rich in natural resources often have strong economies.

Natural selection – természetes kiválasztódás

The process in biology organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce

Darwin’s theory of natural selection explains how species evolve over time.

The nature of – valaminek a jellege miatt

The inherent characteristics or qualities of something

The nature of his work requires him to travel frequently.

By nature – természeténél fogva

Describing someone’s inherent personality or tendencies

She is, by nature, a very curious person.

In nature – a természetben

In the natural world, as opposed to artificial or humanmade environment

Many people enjoy spending time in nature to relax.

Mother Nature – anyatermészet

A personification of nature as a nurturing, guiding force

Mother Nature can be both beautiful and destructive.

Human nature – emberi természet

The common qualities and behaviors that are typical of humans

It’s human nature to seek connection with others.

Second nature – második természet

A skill or habit that feels natural and easy due to familiarity or practice

Driving has become second nature to her after so many years.

The odds of doing – annak az esélye, hogy

The likelihood or probability of accomplishing or experiencing something

The odds of winning the lottery are extremely low.

The odds are (that) – valami miatt nagy az esélye valaminek

It is likely that something will happen

The odds are that they’ll be late, given the traffic.

The odds are in favor of/against – az esélyek valami mellett szólnak

Indicates that a particular outcome is more or less likely

The odds are in favor of good weather for the weekend.

Against all the odds – minden esély ellenére

Achieving something despite very low probability or challenging circumstances

Against all the odds, they completed the climb in record time.

Rain hard/heavily – heves/erős esőzés

To rain intensely, with a lot of water falling in a short time

It began to rain heavily just as we started to hike.

Pour with rain – zuhogó eső

To rain very heavily and continuously

It was pouring with rain, so we decided to stay indoors.

Heavy/light rain – erős/gyenge eső

Heavy rain: intense rainfall; Light rain: mild or gentle rainfall

The forecast predicted heavy rain in the afternoon, but there was only a light drizzle.

Rainbow – szivárvány

A colorful arc in the sky, usually formed when sunlight is reflected in raindrops

After the storm, a beautiful rainbow appeared over the mountains.

Rainwater – esővíz

Water that has fallen as rain, often collected for use

They use barrels to collect rainwater for their garden.

Caught in the rain – elkapott az eső

To be unexpectedly exposed to rain without protection

I forgot my umbrella and got caught in the rain on my way home.

Risk something on – kockázatot vállalni

To stake or gamble something important on a chance or uncertain outcome

He risked his savings on starting a new business.

Risk doing – kockázatvállalás

To take a chance where an action might lead to an unwanted outcome

She didn’t want to risk losing her job by speaking up.

Risk one’s life – az életünket kockáztatni

To put oneself in danger of death or serious harm

Firefighters risk their lives to save others.

Take a risk – kockáztatni

To do something that evolves uncertainty or possible loss

Sometimes you have to take a risk to achieve great things.

Run the risk of – fennáll a veszély, hogy

To expose oneself to a potential danger or negative outcome

If you don’t wear sunscreen, you run the risk of sunburn.

Put st at risk – valamit veszélybe sodorni

To endanger something or make it vulnerable to loss or harm

Delaying the project further could put its funding at risk. 

Pose a risk to – veszélyt jelenteni

To present a potential threat or danger to something or someone

Pollution poses a risk to marine life.

The risk of – valaminek a kockázata

The possibility of an undesirable outcome or danger associated with something

The risk of infection increases if wounds are not cleaned properly.

At the risk of doing something – megkockáztatni

Being aware that something unwanted may happen as a consequence

At the risk of sounding rude, I have to say I disagree.

Sun yourself – napozni, napon ülni

To sit or lie in sunlight to enjoy its warmth

She loved to sun herself on the beach during summer.

In the sun – a napon, napsütésben

To be exposed to direct sunlight

They set up a picnic table in the sun.

Sunbath – napozás

To sit or lie in the sun, usually to tan the skin

Many tourists sunbathe by the pool at the resort.

Sunlight – napfény, napsütés

The natural light that comes from the sun

The sunlight streaming through the window warmed the room.

Sunrise – napfelkelte

The time in the morning when the sun appears over the horizon

They woke up early to wait the sunrise over the ocean.

Sunset – napnyugta, naplemente

The time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon

The sky turned orange and pink at sunset.

Sunshine – napsütés

The warm and bright light that comes from the sun on a clear day

We enjoyed a picnic in the warm sunshine.

Pose a threat (to) – veszélyt jelent (a)

To present or create a danger to someone or something

Deforestation poses a threat to wildlife habitats.

Face a threat – szembenézni a fenyegetéssel

To encounter or deal with a potential danger or harm

The company faces a threat from new competitors in the market.

Under threat – veszélyben

In a situation where there is a risk of harm or damage

Many endangered species are under threat due to habitat loss.

Threat of – a fenyegetés

The possibility or danger of something harmful happening

The threat of flooding has increased with recent heavy rains.

Idle threat – üres fenyegetés

A threat that is not serious or unlikely to be carried out

He claimed he would quit, but it was just an idle threat.

Bomb threat – bombariadó

A warning that a bomb is placed somewhere, usually meant to cause fear

The school was evacuated after receiving a bomb threat.

Death threat – halálos fenyegetés

A warning or statement indicating an intention to kill someone

The politician reported receiving a death threat after the controversial decision.

Good/bad/etc weather – jó/rossz/időjárás

Describes the quality of weather as favorable or unfavorable

We hope for good weather on the day of the outdoor wedding.

Freak weather – szeszélyes időjárás

Unusual or unexpected weather conditions, often extreme

A freak weather event caused snow in the desert.

In all weathers – minden időben, minden időjárási viszonyok között

To do something regardless of the weather conditions

The mail carriers deliver in all wearhers.

Under the weather – az időjárás viszontagságai miatt

To feel slightly ill or unwell

I won’t be able to come to work today as I’m feeling a bit under the weather.

Weather forecast – időjárás-előrejelzés

A prediction of future weather conditions

The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow.

Weatherproof – időjárásálló

Resistant to damage from weather conditions

They bought weatherproof furniture for the patio.

Light/strong wind – enyhe/erős szél

Describes the intensity of wind, either gentle (light) or powerful (strong)

A light wind was blowing through the trees.

Gust of wind – széllökés

A sudden, brief increase in wind strength

A gust of wind blew my hat off.

In the wind – keringenek a szélben

Something that is likely to happen soon or is being discussed

There are rumors in the wind about major company changes.

Winds of change – a változás szele

Forces or influences that bring about change

The winds of change are blowing in the industry as new technology emerge.

Word formation

Reassess – újraértékelni

To think again about something in order to decide if you should change the way you feel about it or deal with it

We need to reassess our values as a nation.

(Re)assessment – újraértékelés

The act of evaluating something again, or for the first time, to judge its value, importance, or quality

A reassessment of the project goals was required after the budget cut.

Assessor – értékbecslő, kárbecslő

Someone whose job is to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something

The assessor stated that the fire damage was not as severe the hotel’s owner had claimed.

Assessed – értékelt

Evaluated or judge based on certain criteria

The students were assessed on their ability to analyze complex text.

Causation – okozás

The process of causing something to happen or exist

The causation between smoking and lung disease is well-established.

Causal – ok(ozat)i, okbeli

A relationship, link between two things in which one causes the other

Is there a causal relationship between violence on television and violent behavior?

Causative – okozó, okhatározó

Acting as a cause of something

Lack of exercise is a causative factor in heart disease.

Conservation – megőrzés, fenntartás

Carefully using valuable natural substances that exist in limited amounts in order to make certain that they will be available for as a long a time as possible

Conservation efforts are crucial to preserving endangered species.

Conservationist – természetvédelmi szakember

Someone who works to protect the environment from the damaging effects of human activity

Conservationist are fighting to save the tiger.  

Conservatism – konzervativizmus

A political and social philosophy that promotes traditional institutions and opposes rapid change

Conservatism tends to prioritize stability over reform.

Conservative(ly) – óvatosan, változás kerülő

Carefully, often in a way that suggests that you do not like change

They continued to run the company conservatively.

Ecologist – ökológus

A person who studies the natural relationships between the air, land, water, animals, plants

The ecologist researched how climate change affects marine life.

Ecological(ly) – ökológiai szempontból

In a way that relates to ecology or the environment

People are a lot more ecologically aware these days.

Elusiveness – meghatározhatatlanság

To state of being difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember

The work’s prime focus is on the elusiveness of identity – how we try to define ourselves.

Elusive(ly) – megfoghatatlan

In a way that is difficult to define, find, or achieve

The solution remained elusive, despite hours of analysis.

Erosion – kimarás, lepusztulás

The fact of soil, stone, being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind

Coastal erosion has altered the shape of the shoreline over time.

Eruption – kitörés, erupció

An explosive release of force, often used to describe volcanic activity or sudden outburst

The volcanic eruption forced nearby residents to evacuate.

Extinction – kihalás, kipusztulás

The process by which a species, family, or larger group ceases to exist

Many species face extinction due to habitat loss.

Favoritism – kivételezés, protekciózás

Unfair support shown to one person or group by someone in authority

The teacher was careful not to show favoritism to any one student.

Favorite – kedvenc, legkedvesebb, legkedveltebb

Best liked or most enjoyed

This is one of my favorite restaurants.

(Un)favorable – (nem)kedvező

Having showing a negative opinion/having showing approval or support

The play received generally unfavorable reviews.

(Un)favorably – (nem)kedvezően

Favorable manner: in a way that shows support or advantage; Unfavorable manner: in a way that shows disapproval or disadvantage

The plan was reviewed favorably by the board.

Misfortune – szerencsétlenség

Bad luck; an unfortunate event or outcome

Due to a misfortune on the way, she missed her flight.

(Un)fortunate(ly) – szerencsés/szerencsétlen

Fortunate: lucky or resulting in a positive outcome; Unfortunately: used to express regret about an undesired outcome

Fortunately, everyone was safe after the storm.

Fortuitous(ly) – véletlenül

In a way that happens by chance rather than being planned, and is to your advantage

This has come very fortuitously, when we most need it.

Instinctive(ly) – ösztönösen

In a way that is not thought about, planned, or developed by training

She knew instinctively that he was dangerous.

Intention – szándék, akarat

Something that you want and plan to do

Her intention was to help, not to cause more problems.

(Un)intended – szándékos/nem szándékos

Intended: planned or meant to happen; Unintended: not planned or meant to happen

The consequences of the decision were unintended.

(Un)intentional(ly) – akarva/akaratlanul

Intentional: done in purpose; Unintentionally: done without meaning to

He unintentionally offended his friend with his comment.

Surmount – felülkerekedni

To deal successfully with difficulty or problem

They managed to surmount the challenges the faced.

Mountain – nagy/óriási halom; hegy

A large amount of something / a large natural elevation of the earth’s surface, higher than a hill

I’ve got a mountain of work to do / we hiked to the top of the mountain and enjoyed the view.

Mountaineer(ing) – hegymászó/hegymászás

Mountaineer: a person who climbs mountains; Mountaineering: the sport or activity of climbing mountains

Mountaineering requires both strength and endurance.

(In)surmountable – leküzdhető/leküzdhetetlen

Surmountable: Possible to overcome; Insurmountable: Too difficult to overcome.

The challenges seemed insurmountable at first.

Mountainous – hegyvidéki

Having a lot of mountains

The terrain was mountainous and difficult to navigate.

Mystify – elámít, áltat, megtéveszt

To confuse someone by being or doing something very strange or impossible to explain

I was mystified by her decision.

Mystificant – titokzatos, rejtélyes, misztikus

Something that mystifies or creates confusion

The mystification nature of the clues made the puzzle harder.

Mysterious(ly) – rejtélyes(en)

Difficult to understand, explain, or identify

The book vanished mysteriously from the library.

Recur – ismételni, visszatér

To happen many times or to happen again

The theme of freedom recurs throughout her writing.

Occurence – előfordulás

An event or something that happens

Snow is a rear occurrence in this part of the country.

Reccurence – visszatérés, megismétlődés

The act of something happening again, especially an undesirable event

Doctors are trying to prevent a recurrence of the issues.

Recurring – visszatérő

Happening repeatedly or periodically

Recurring dreams can sometimes reflect unresolved issues.

Recurrent – visszatérő, ismétlődő

Happening again, many times

Recurrent power outages have been affecting the area.

(Im)probability – valószínűség/valószínűtlenség

The quality of not being likely to happen or be true, or something that is not likely to happen or be true, and the opposite

I had to laugh at the improbability of the situation.

Improbable – valószínűtlen

Not likely to happen or to be true

It’s improbable that she will arrive on time with this traffic.

(Im)probably – valószínűleg/nem valószínűleg

In a way that does not seem likely to happen or be true and opposite

He will probably finish the project by the deadline.

Risky – kockázatos

Involving potential danger or loss

Investing in new businesses can be risky.

Seeming(ly) – látszólag

Appearing to be something, especially when this is not true

He remains confident and seemingly untroubled by his recent problems.

Threaten – fenyegeti

To express an intention to cause harm or danger

The storm threatens to delay flights in the area.

Threatened – fenyegetett

In danger, or likely to stop existing

Many species are threatened by habitat destruction.

Threatening(ly) – fenyegető(en)

In a way that expresses a threat of something unpleasant or violent

The enemy plane came threateningly close.

Wilderness – vadon

A natural area that is not significantly altered by human activity

The explorers ventured deep into the wilderness.                                 

Wildlife – vadon élő állatok és növények

Animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions

Wildlife conservation efforts help protect endangered species.

Wildness – vadság

The quality of being uncontrolled, violent, or extreme

The wildness of the landscape was breathtaking.

Wildly – vadul

In an uncontrolled or extreme way

He was dancing wildly.

Unit 16 Materials and the built environment

Topic vocabulary: Materials

Block (n) – tömb

A solid, straight-sided piece of hard material

She carved a statue out of a block of marble.

Block (v) – elállni, eltakarni, kitakarni

To prevent movement through something

My view was blocked by a tall man in front of me.

Brittle – törékeny

Delicate and easily broken

As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle.

Chip (v) – lepattani, lecsorbítani

To break a small piece off something by accident

I wish my nail polish wouldn’t keep chipping.

Chip (n) – darabka

A small piece of something or a piece that has broken off a larger object

He found a small chip in his tooth after biting down on a hard candy.

Compact (v) – tömöríteni

To press something together in a tight and solid way

The soil was compacted tightly to form a firm surface.

Compact (adj) – kompakt

Consisting of parts that are positioned together closely or in a tidy way, using very little space

She bought a compact car that could fit easily into tight parking spaces.

Concentrate – koncentrálódni (oldatot)

To make a liquid or substance stronger and reduce its size by removing water from it

You can concentrate the solution by heating it.

Crack (v) – megrepedni

To break something so that it does not separate, but very thin lines appear on its surface, or to become broken in this way

The ice cracked under his weight as he walked.

Crack (n) – repedés

A very narrow space between parts of something

She noticed a crack in the ceiling after the earthquake.

Crumb – morzsa

A very small piece of bread, cake, or biscuit

He brushed the crumbs off his plate after finishing the sandwich.

Crush (v) – összetörni

To press something very hard so that it is broken or its shape is destroyed

She crushed the can before throwing it in the recycling bin.

Crush (n) – tolongás, zsúfoltság

A crowd of people forced to stand close together

There was quite a crush in the club last night.

Dense – sűrű

Close together and difficult to go or see through; thick

Lead is very dense material.

Dilute (v) – hígítani

To make a liquid weaker by mixing in something else

She diluted the juice with water to reduce the sweetness.

Dilute (adj) – hígított

Made weaker by diluting

Use dilute bleach to clean the table.

Dissolve – feloldódni

To be adsorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed, or to absorb a solid

The sugar quickly dissolved in the hot tea.

Fabric – anyag

Cloth or material for making clothes, covering furniture

The dress was made from a delicate, silk fabric.

Firm – szilád, nem is puha, de nem is kemény

Not soft but not completely hard

I’d rather sleep in a firm mattress than a soft one.

Flake (n) – pehely [snow flake]

A small, thin piece of something, especially if it has come from a surface covered with a layer of something

She brushed the flakes of snow off her coat as she entered the house.

Flake (v) – leperegni

To come off a surface in small, thin pieces

The paint started to flake off the old fence.

Fragile – törékeny

Easily damaged or broken

Be careful with the vase – it’s very fragile.

Friction – súrlódás

The force that makes it difficult for one object to slide along the surface of another or to move through a liquid or gas

When you rub your hands together the friction produces heat.

Grain – …szem [grain of sand – homokszem]

A very small piece of a hard substance

She felt a grain of sand in her shoe while walking on the beach.

Gravity – gravitáció

The force that attracts objects towards one another, especially the force that makes things fall to the ground

Gravity causes objects to fall to the ground when dropped.

Grind – őrölés [ground coffe – őrölt kávé]

To make something into small pieces or a powder by pressing between hard surfaces

He used a grinder to finely grind the coffee beans.

Hollow – üreges

Having a hole or empty space inside

The tree trunk was hollow and provided a hiding place for small animals.

Liquid (n) – folyadék

A substance, such as water, that is not solid or a gas and that can be poured easily

Did you know that glass is actually a liquid?

Liquid (adj) – folyékony

In the form of a liquid

Liquid hydrogen.

Lump (v) – egy kalap alá venni

To put people or things into the same group, although they do not really belong together

You can’t just lump all disabled people together like that.

Lump (n) – darab

A piece of a solid substance, usually with no particular shape

I tripped over a lump of conctrete.

Mineral – ásványi anyagok

A valuable or useful chemical substance that is formed naturally in the ground

This area is very rich in minerals.

Mould (v) – formázni, önteni

To make a soft substance have a particular shape

This plastic is going to be moulded into plates.

Mould (n) – forma [tortaforma]

A hollow container with a particular shape into which soft or liquid substances are poured, so that when the substance becomes hard it takes the shape of the container

Pour the jelly into the mould and then put it in the fridge.

Opaque – átlátszatlan

Difficult to see through

We’ve had opaque glass put into the bathroom.

Pat (v) – megsimogatni

To touch someone or something gently and usually repeatedly with the hand flat

I bent down to pat he little puppy.

Pat (n) – megsimogatás

The act of patting a person or animal

I gave the little boy a pat on the head.

Pile (v) – felhalmozni

To arrange objects into a pile

We piled plenty of logs up next to the fire.

Pile (n) – halom

Objects positioned one on top of another

A pile of books.

Polish (v) – csiszolni, fényesíteni

To rub something using a piece of cloth or brush to clean it and make it shine

The maid polished the table and then cleaned the floor.

Polish (n) – lakk

A cream or other substance that you use to clean something

Put some polish on your cloth and then rub, like this.

Scratch (v) – megkarcolni

To cut or damage a surface on your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough

We scratched the wall trying to get the bed into Martha’s room.

Scratch (n) – karcolás

A mark made by scratching

There’s a scratch on my new CD!

Scrub (v) – súrolni

To rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap, and water

I’ve been scrubbing the floor all day.

Scrub (n) – súrolás

A thorough wash or clean

What your fingernails need is a good scrub.

Smash – betörni

To cause something to break noisily into a lot of small pieces

You’ve smashed the glass on my favorite picture.

Solid (n) – szilárd

Not liquid or gas

Liquid and solid waste is collected in the tank.

Solid (adj) – szilárd

Hard or firm, keeping a clear shape

Solid ground.

Speck – porszem

A very small mark, piece, or amount

There isn’t a speck of dust in the house.

Squash (v) – összenyomni

To crush something into a flat shape

She sat on my glasses and squashed them.

Squash (n) – nehéz, zsúfolt helyzet

A situation when there is not much room

It’ll be a bit of a squash, but we can get five in the car.

Squeeze (v/n) – összeszorítani/szorítás

To press something firmly, especially from all sides in order to change its shape, reduce its size, or remove liquid from it

Squeeze the sponge to get all the water out.

Stack (v/n) – pakolni/pakolás

A pile of things arranged one on top of another; to arrange things so that they stand on top of another

The assistant was stacking boxes when I walked into the shop.

Stiff – merev

Firm or hard

Stiff cardboard

Stroke (n/v) – simogatás/simogatni

A gentle movement of/to gently move your hand across skin, hair or fur

I was only trying to stroke the dog!

Stuff (v) – kitölteni

To completely fill a container with something

Stuff the pillow and then sew up the final seam.

Stuff (n) – dolog

 A group of different things, activities, or matters

What’s all this stuff on your desk?

Substance – anyag

A material with particular physical characteristics

You’re not allowed to take certain substances on a plane.

Synthetic – szintetikus

Products are made from artificial substances, often copying a natural product

Synthetic fibers

Tear (v) – széttépni

To pull or be pulled apart, or to pull pieces off

I tore my skirt on the chair as I stood up.

Tear (n) – szakadás

A hole in a piece of paper, cloth, or other material, where it has been torn

There’s a big tear in my dress.

Texture – textúra

The quality of something that can be decided by touch, for example whether it is rough or smooth, or soft or hard

I love the texture of silk.

Transparent – átlátszó

If a substance or object is transparent, you can see through it very clearly

Her blouse was practically transparent!

Topic vocabulary: the built environment

Built up – valami nagyon beépül

An area where there are a lot of buildings.

This area has become really quite built-up over the last few years.

Bypass (v/n) – megkerülni; elkerülő út

To avoid the center of a town or city so that you can avoid going through its center; the road that goes around the city to avoid the city center.

If we take the other road, we can bypass the city center.

Construct – építeni

To build something or put together different parts to form something whole

We plan to construct a new bridge across the bridge.

Demolish – lerombolni

To completely destroy building or other structures

Most of the town was demolished by the tornado.

District – kerület

An area of a town or country

The theater district in New York is in midtown Manhattan.

Dwell – élni

To live in a place or in a particular way

She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years.

Estate – lakótelep

A group of buildings, usually homes in a planned way

They moved into a four-bedroom house on a new estate.

Evict – kilakoltatni

To force someone to leave somewhere

Tenants who fall behind in their rent risk being evicted.

High-rise – emeletes ház

A tall modern building with many floors

She lives in a high-rise overlooking the river.

Housing – lakások, lakhatás

Buildings for people to live in

There’s a shortage of cheap housing in the region.

Infrastructure – infrastruktúra

The basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively

The war has badly damaged the country’s infrastructure.

Inner city – belváros

The central part of a city where people live and where there are often problems because people are poor and there are few jobs and bad houses

There’s some very interesting music coming out of the inner city these days.

Occupy – elfoglalni, tölteni

To fill, exist in, or use a place or period of time

The rest of the time was occupied with writing a report.

Populated – lakott [terüle]

Having people living there

They don’t want to run the risk of bomb falling on populated areas.

Skyline – kilátás

A shape or pattern made against the sky, especially by buildings

You get a good view of the New York skyline from the Statue of Liberty.

Skyscraper – felhőkarcoló

A very tall modern building, usually in a city

Skyscrapers started to appear in the 1930s.

Structure – szerkezet

Something that has been made or built from parts, especially a large building

The proposes new office tower is a steel and glass structure 43 storrys high.

Suburban – kertváros

An area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live

Box Hill is a suburb of Melbourne.

Surroundings – környezet, környék

All the things that are present in a place and that form the experience of being there

I wish I lived in more pleasant surroundings.

Urban – város, település

Of or in a city or town

Urban development

Phrasal verbs

Board up – bedeszkázni

Cover a window or door with wooden boards

They decided to board up the windows before the hurricane hit.

Close up – bezárni

Lock the doors of a building or business

After a long day, the shopkeeper closed up the store and headed home.

Come out – kijönni

Be removed from something such as clothing or cloth by washing or rubbing; have a particular result or end in a particular way

The stain finally came out after washing the shirt several times.

Cut out – elhagyni, eltávolítani, kihagyni

Remove something from a larger piece by cutting; stop eating something or doing something especially because it is bad for your health

The doctor advised him to cut out sugary drinks from his diet.

Fix up – felújítás, feljavítás

Clean, repair or decorate something

They spent months fixing up the old house before moving in.

Knock/pull/tear down – lebontani, lerombolni

Destroy a building or wall

They plan to tear down the old building to make room for a new park.

Pile up – felhalmozódni, feltornyosulni

To form a pile, or to put a lot of things into a pile

The dishes began to pile up in the sink after the party.

Prop up – megtámasztani, támogatni

Stop something form falling by putting something under it or against it; help a government, system, organization, continue to exist, especially by providing financial or military support

She propped up the broken fence with a few sturdy wooden posts.

Put in – beépíteni, benyújtani

Fix something such as equipment in the place where it will be used and make it ready to use; make an official request, claim, offer

They decided to put in a new heating system before winter.

Put together – összerakni, összeszervezni, összeszerelni

Make something by joining all its part; produce or organize something using many different things; choose people or things to form a team or group

He put together the new furniture piece by piece.

Put up – felverni, felépíteni,

Build something such as a wall, fence or house; let someone stay in your home

They put up a tent by the lake for the weekend camping trip.

Set up – kialakítani

Build a structure or put it in a particular place; make a piece of equipment ready for use

She set up a new office space in her home to work remotely.

Spread out – kiteríteni, kitölteni [teret]

If people in a group spread out, they move away from one another so that they cover a large area

The picnic blanket was spread out on the grass near the river.

Take down – levenni, szétszedni, lejegyzetelni

Separate a large structure into pieces; write down information or a statement

They took down the stage after the concert ended.

Water down – felhígítani, enyhíteni

Add water to a drink or liquid in order to make it less strong, dilute; make something such as a statement or newspaper article less offensive, powerful or detailed

She decided to water down the juice because it was too sweet.

Wear down – megviselni, kifárasztani

Make something gradually disappear or become thinner by using or rubbing it; make someone gradually lose their energy or confidence

The constant friction wore down the edge of the knife.  The challenging negotiations eventually wore down even the most determined members of the team.

Phrases, patters, collocations

Bend sth into (shape/a circle) – hajlítani valamibe

To curve or shape something into a particular circle

The artist bent the metal wire into a perfect circle.

(Go) round the bend – őrületbe kergeni

To become extremely angry, upset, or mentally unstable

The constant noise from the construction site was enough to drive anyone round the bend.

Sharp/tight bend – éles kanyar

A very narrow or abrupt turn or curve

Be cautious on the road ahead; there’s a sharp bend coming up.

Block sb's way – elállni valaki utát, utat elállni

To obstruct someone’s path or prevent them from passing

A large delivery truck was blocking the way to the entrance.

Block of flats – tömbház, lakótömb

A large building divided into multiple individual apartment units

They live in a modern block of flats in the city center.

Apartment block – apartmannház

A building containing multiple residential apartments

The new apartment block has stunning views of the lake.

High-rise block – magas, többszintes épület

A tall building with many floors, typically used for residential or office space

The high-rise block casts a long shadow over the park.

Mental/writer's block – írói blokk, írói válság

A temporary inability to think creatively or write effectively

After hours of staring at the blank page, she realized she had writer’s block.

Bricks and mortar – [tégla és habarcs], fizikai épület, ingatlan

A physical, solid building, often in reference to real estate

Investing in bricks and mortar remains a popular choice.

Brick wall – téglafal, akadály

A wall made of bricks; also used figuratively to refer to an obstacle

He felt like he was hitting a brick wall trying to get answers.

Bricklayer – kőműves

A skilled worker who builds with bricks

Her father worked as a bricklayer for over thirty years.

Erect (a statue/monument) to sb – valamit (szobrot) emelni

To build or place a statue or monument in honor of someone

They erected a statue to honor the founder of the town.

Stand erect – egyenesen állni, felegyenesedve

To stand upright or straight stance

He stood erect, confident and composed, as he delivered his speech

Erect posture – egyenes testtartás

An upright and straight stance

Maintaining an erect posture can help prevent back pain.

Take/have the floor – átvenni a szót

To begin speaking, typically in a formal or public setting

After the debate, the chairman took the floor to summarize the main points.

Ground/first floor – valahanyadik emelet; földszint

Refers to a specific level within a building

The office is on the first floor, while the café is on the ground floor for easy access from the street.

Floor show – elő műsor, showműsor

A live performance that takes place on the floor of a club or restaurant

The hotel’s dining area features an exciting floor show every night.

Floor plan – alaprajz

A diagram that shows the layout of rooms in a building

We reviewed the floor plan to choose the best location for our new office.

Floorboard – padlódeszka

A single board in the flooring of a room

One of the floorboards creaked loudly as she stepped on it.

Fold sth in half/two – félbehajtani

To bend something so that one side meets the other, creating two equal pats

She folded the paper in half to fit it into the envelope.

Fold sth neatly/carefully – szépen, gondosan összehajtani

To fold something in an organized or precise way

He folded his clothes neatly before placing them in the drawer.

Fold flat – összecsukható

To fold something so it becomes flat and compact

The table folds flat for easy storage.

Fold your arms – keresztbe fonni a karod

To cross your arms in front of your chess

He folded his arms and waited patiently.

Lay the foundation of – megalapozni

To establish or start the basis of something

Her research laid the foundation of modern genetics,

Have no foundation – nincs alapja

To have no basis or truth; to be unsupported by evidence

The rumors have no foundation and should not be believed.

Without foundation – alaptalan

Lacking any basis or evidence

The accusations were completely without foundation.

Foundation course – alapozó tanfolyam

An introductory course designed to prepare students for further study

She completed a foundation course in art before starting her degree.

Foundation stone – alapkő

A stone laid at a building’s base during its construction, symbolizing the beginning of a project

The mayor laid the foundation stone of the new community center.

Move house – költözni

To relocate from one home to another

They decided to move house to be closer to the school.

On the house – a ház állja

Provided for free by the establishment

The dessert was on the house as an apology for the delay.

Housework – házimunka

Tasks such as cleaning, cooking, and other chores necessary for running a home

She spent her Saturday morning catching up on housework.

Housekeeping – takarító személyzet

The management of household tasks or hotel cleaning services

The housekeeping staff kept the hotel spotless.

Housekeeper – házvezetőnő

A person employed to manage household tasks or maintain cleanliness

They hired a housekeeper to help with the daily chores.

Housewife – háziasszony

A woman who manages her home and may not work outside the home

As a housewife, she dedicated her time to her family and household.

Houseproud – precíz, büszke a háztartásra

Taking pride in maintaining a tidy and well-kept home

He was very houseproud and kept everything in perfect order

Mark sth with/on – bejelölni, megjelölni

To leave a visible sign, symbol, or mark on something

She marked the important dates on her calendar.

Leave a mark on – nyomot hagyni, benyomást tenni

To have a lasting effect or impression on someone or something

Her kindness left a mark on everyone she met.

Burn /scratch/etc mark – égésnyom

A visible trace left by burning, scratching, or other forms of damage

There was a burn mark on the countertop.

The halfway mark – valaminek a fele

The point that is exactly in the middle of a process or journey

We reached the halfway mark of the marathon and stopped for a quick break.

Be quick/slow off the mark – felakpni/elkapni a fonalat

To react or respond to something very quickly and efficiently/ To react or respond to something more slowly than others, potentially missing an opportunity

She was quick off the mark and secured the job before anyone else even applied.

Hit/miss the mark – célba talált/nem talált célba

To achieve or fail to achieve an intended target or goal

His attempt to explain the concept hit the mark perfectly, and everyone understood.

Material goods/possessions – anyagi javak

Physical items that a person owns.

She never cared much for material goods; her happiness came from experiences.

Material rewards – anyagi jutalmak, juttatsok

Tangible benefits or compensation, such as money or prizes, given for effort or achievement.

The company offers material rewards for employees who meet their sales targets.

Material resources – anyagi erőforrások

Natural or physical assets that can be used to create goods or services

The country is rich in material resources like timber and minerals.

Raw material(s) – nyersanyag

Basic, unprocessed substances used in manufacturing or production

Cotton is a key raw material in the textile industry.

A matter of – valaminek a kérdése [elszántság kérdése]

Used to indicate that something depends on a particular factor or is related to a specific aspect

Success is often a matter of hard work and determination.

In a matter of (days, etc) – rövid időn belül

Within a short period of time

The project was completed in a matter of days.

No matter how – nem számit, hogy        

Regardless of the method, degree, or circumstances

No matter how hard it gets, she never gives up.

No matter what – bármi is történjen

Regardless of what happens or what difficulties arise

I’ll support you no matter what decision you make.

To make matter worse – hogy tovább rontja a helyzetet

Used when something happens to worsen an already difficult or bad situation

He missed the bus, and to make matters worse, it started raining.

As a matter of fact – ami azt illeti

Used to emphasize the truth of a statement

As a matter of fact, I was planning to call you today.

As a matter of course – magától értetődően

Something that is expected or happens routinely

Safety checks are done as a matter of course.

As a matter of urgency – sürgősen

Something that requires immediate attention

Fixing the broken water pipe is a matter of urgency.

A matter of opinion – nézőpont kérdése

Something that is subjective and open to individual interpretation

Whether pineapple belongs on pizza is a matter of opinion.

Subject matter – valaminek a témája

The content or topic being discussed or studied

The subject matter of the lecture was climate change.

Precious metal – nemesfémek

A valuable metal like gold or silver

Investing in precious metals can be a smart financial decision.

Metal detector – fémdetektor

A device that detects the presence of metal, often used in security checks

The security guard used a metal detector to scan the luggage.

Shape sth into – anyagot formálni

To form or mold something into a specific shape

She skillfully shaped the clay into a beautiful vase.

Take the shape of – alakot felvenni

To develop or form into a particular shape or structure

The clouds began to take the shape of animals.

Take shape – kezd formát ölteni

To start to develop into a clear or definite form

The new business plan is finally starting to take shape.

In/out of shape – formában maradni

Physically fit and healthy/ Not physically fit

She works out daily to stay in shape.

All shapes and size – minden formájú és méretű

Variety in form, appearance, or characteristics

The festival welcomes performers of all shapes and sizes.

Keep a sharp eye on – ébernek lenni

To closely monitor or watch something or someone

You need to keep a sharp eye on your valuables in crowded places.

Sharp rise/increase/drop/fall – ugrásszerűen megnő/csökken

A sudden and significant change in level or amount

There was a sharp increase in sales after the new product was launched.

Sharp criticism – éles kritika

Severe or harsh feedback or disapproval

The author faced sharp criticism for her controversial novel.

Have a sharp tongue – éles a nyelve, felvágták a nyelvét

To speak in a way that is often critical or sarcastic

She’s known for having a sharp tongue, so be prepared for some harsh comments.

Smooth the way for – egyengeti az utat

To make it easier for something to happen by removing obstacles

Her connections in the industry helped smooth the way for the new project.

Smooth-talking – simulékony beszédű

Using flattering or persuasive language to manipulate or convince others

He’s a smooth-talking salesman who can sell anything to anyone.

Smooth sailing – zökkenőmentes

Easy progress without any difficulties

After the initial challenges, the project was smooth sailing.

Smooth operator – zökkenőmentes üzemeltető

Someone who is very good at persuading others, often in a charming or manipulative way

He’s a smooth operator when it comes to negotiating deals.

On the surface – a felszínen

Based on what is immediately apparent or visible, without deeper investigation

On the surface, the plan seemed perfect, but there were hidden flaws.

Beneath/under the surface – a felszín alatt

Beyond the obvious; looking deeper into the matter

Beneath the surface of her calm demeanor, she was struggling with anxiety.

Surface area – felület

The total area that the surface of an object occupies

The surface area of the new kitchen counter was larger than expected.

Kitchen surface – konyhai felület

The flat, working area in a kitchen, such as a countertop

Make sure to wipe down the kitchen surface after preparing food.

Set/lay the table – megteríteni az asztalt

Arrange dishes and utensils before a meal

Can you set the table while I finish cooking?

Clear the table – megtisztítani az asztalt

Remove dishes and utensils after a meal

Please clear the table before we start the game.

Table a proposal/etc – javaslatot benyújtani

To formally present a proposal or topic for discussion

The committee decided to table a proposal on environmental regulations.

On the table – lehetőségben volt

Available for consideration or negotiation

Several job offers were on the table, but he needed time to decide.

Table manners – aztali illem, viselkedés

The polite behavior expected while eating a meal

He taught his children proper table manners from a young age.

Timetable – menetrend

A schedule that shows when certain events or activities will happen

The bus timetable shows the departure times for each stop.

Get tough with – keméynen fellépni

To take a firm or strict approach towards someone or something

The principal decided to get tough with students who were consistently breaking school rules.

Tough on – szigorú valakikkel szemben

To be strict or harsh about a particular issue or towards someone

The new policy is especially tough on repeat offenders.

Tough luck – pech

An expression used to show sympathy, often sarcastically, for someone's misfortune

You missed the last train? Tough luck, looks like you’ll have to walk.

Tough love – keményen fegyelmezni

A form of discipline where someone is strict to help another person improve their behavior or situation

Sometimes parents need to use tough love to help their children make better decisions.

Tough guy – kemény fickó

A person who acts strong, confident, or aggressive

He likes to play the tough guy, but he’s actually very kind-hearted.

Town planning – várostervezés [i bizottság]

The planning and design of a town, including its buildings, roads, and amenities

The town planning committee is considering new green spaces and bike lanes.

The town of – valaminek a városa

Referring to a specific town by its name

The town of Springfield is known for its annual music festival.

The outskirts/edge of town – város szélén

The areas on the outer edge of a town or city

They bought a house on the outskirts of town to enjoy a quieter life.

Town center – városközpont

The central part of a town, usually with shops, restaurants, and offices

We decided to meet at a café in the town center.

Window-shopping – kirakatvásárlás      

Looking at items in store windows without intending to buy anything

They spent the afternoon window-shopping along the high street.

Window dressing – kirakatjellegűek

Decorating store windows to attract customers, or making something look better than it actually is

The company’s recent charity donations were just window dressing to improve its public image.

Out (of) the window – elszállt, elszállt az ablakon 

No longer relevant or considered

Once the project was canceled, all our hard work went out the window.

A window on/onto/into – betekintést enged, nyújt

An opportunity to see or understand something more clearly

The documentary provided a window into the lives of the remote tribe.

Word formation

Analysis – elemzés

The process of studying or examining something in an organized way to learn more about it, or a particular study of something

Some of these arguments need further analysis.

Analyst – elemző (személy)

A person whose job is to study or examine something in an organized way

She is a financial analyst.

Analytic(al) – elemző (adj), analitikus

Examining or liking to examine things in detail, in order to discover more about them:

He has a very analytical mind.

Analytically – analitikailag

Involves studying or examining things in detail, in order to discover more about them. 

The research is analytically sloppy.

Architecture – építészet

The art and practice of designing and making buildings

To study architecture.

Architectural(ly) – építészetí/építészetileg

Related to the art and practice of designing and making buildings

It’s an architecturally distinctive neighborhood.

Density – sűrűség, népsűrűség

The number of people or things in a place in relation to the size of the place

The area has a high population density.

Densely – sűrű, sűrűn,

In a closely compacted or crowded manner; thickly

The best way to keep weeds at bay is to plant densely.

Housing – lakás, lakhatás

Buildings for people to live in

There’s a shortage of cheap housing in the region.

Household(er) – háztartás; háztartásbeli

A group of people; often a family, who live together; the person who owns or is in charge of a house

By the 1960s, most households had a TV; Householders need to take out home contents and buildings insurance.

Houseful – háznyi

A lot of people or things in your house

We’ve got a houseful of visitors at the moment.

Inhabitant – lakos

A person or animal that lives in a particular place

A city of five million inhabitants.

Habitat – élőhely

The natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat.

Habitation – lakhely, tartózkodási hely

The fact of living in a particular place; building

Signs of human habitation.

Habitable – lakható, élhető

Providing conditions that are good enough to live in or on

Some areas of the country are just too cold to be habitable.

(Un)inhabitable – élhető/élhetetlen, lakhatatlan

Suitable to live in; not suitable to live in

If there’s no roof then the house is uninhabitable.

(Un)inhabited – lakatlan, lakott

No people living in it; people living in it

An uninhabited island.

Manufacturer – gyártó

A company that produces goods in large numbers

Germany is a major manufacturer of motor cars.

Manufacturing – gyártás

The business of producing goods in large numbers

Car manufacturing.

Materialise – megvalósulni, előbukkani

Become actual fact, happen; appear or be present when expected

She was promised a promotion but it never materialised; Suddenly a lorry appeared in front of her - it seemed to materialise out of nowhere.

Materialism – anyagiasság,

The belief that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life

So, have we become a self-centered society, preoccupied with materialism?

Materialistic – anyagias, materialista

Excessively concerned with material possessions; money-oriented

We are living in a highly materialistic society.

Immaterial – lényegtelen

Not important, or not relating to the subject you are thinking about

Whether the book is well or badly written is immaterial – it has an important message.

Materially – lényeges, lényegesn

In an important or noticeable way

Even if mistakes were made in the counting of votes, they wouldn’t have materially affected the results.

Metallic – fémes, fémből készült

Consisting of, or partly consisting of, metal

Brass is a metallic alloy of copper and zinc.

Metallurgy – fémtudomány, kohászat

The scientific study of the structures and uses of metals

She has a doctorate in metallurgy from the University of Utah.

Objective – cél

Something that you plan to do or achieve

Her main objective now is simply to stay in power.

Objective – objektív (hozzáállás)

Based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings

I can't really be objective when I'm judging my daughter's work.

Objection – ellenvetés, kifogás

A feeling or expression of opposition, dislike, or disapproval

Dose anyone have any objections?

Objectivity – objektivitás

The fact of being based on facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings

Surely true objectivity in a critic is impossible?

Objector – tiltakozó

Someone who disagrees with something or someone

200 objectors were present at the inquiry.

(Un)objectionable – kifogásolgató, nem kifogásolható

(Not) able or likely to be disliked or opposed by people, because of (not) being unpleasant or wrong in any way

This statement is seemingly (un)objectionable.

Objectively – objektívan, igzságosan

In a fair way that is not influenced by personal feelings or beliefs

All the evidence will need to be considered objectively.

Repairman/men – szerelő

Someone whose job is to make things that are broken work correctly

The company sent a repairman and paid the bill.

Repairer – javító, javítóműhely

A person or company that is paid to repair things

The helpline offers customers a choice of approved repairers in their area.

Reparation – kártérítés

Payment for harm or damage

The company had to make reparation to those who suffered ill health as a result of chemical pollution.

Repairable – javítható

(Of something that is damaged) able to be put back into good condition or made to work again

Products should be made repairable or reusable.

Irreparable – javíthatatlan, helyrehozhatatlqn 

(In a way that is) impossible to repair or make right again

Unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable damage will be done to the coastline.

Residence – residencia, otthon

The place where someone lives, or the condition of living somewhere

That big building is the Governor’s official residence.

Residency – tartózkodás

The fact of living in a particular place

He was granted residency after living in the country for five years.

Residency – rezidensképzés

A period of specialized medical training at a hospital

She completed her residency in cardiology last year.

Resident – lakó

A person who lives or has their home in a place

The residents of the building organized a community meeting.

Residing – élni valahol

Living in a particular place

She is currently residing in New York for her studies.

Residental(ly) – lakossági, lakóhelyi,

Relating to an area where people live; in a way that pertains to residence

The building is used residentially and commercially.

Rigidity – merevség

The quality of being stiff, fixed, or impossible to bend

The roof has special beams to increase rigidity.

Rigidly – merevség

In a stiff or fixed way, without bending or moving

They sat rigidly in their seats.

Surround – körülvenni

To be everywhere around something

Snow-capped mountains surround the city.

Surroundings – környezet

The place where someone or something is and the things that are in it

The peaceful surroundings made it an ideal vacation spot.

Roundness – gömbölyűség

The quality of being round or curved

The roundness of the pearl was a mark of its high quality.

Roundabout (adj) – kerülő (út)

Not in a simple, direct, or quick way

We took a roundabout route to avoid the accident

Roundabout (n) – körforgalom

A place where three or more roads join and traffic must go around a circular area in the middle, rather than straight across

Take the second exit at the roundabout to reach the city center.

Surrounding – környező

That is everywhere around something

The shop draws customers from many surrounding areas.

Roundly – élesen

In a thorough or emphatic manner

The policy was roundly criticized by the opposition.

Shelve – félretenni, eltolni

To not take action on something until a later time

The plan to build a new mall was shelved due to lack of funding.

Shelve – polcra pakolni, rendezni

To put something onto shelves

He shelved the books in alphabetical order.

Shelves/Shelving – polcok

Horizontal surfaces used for storing or displaying items

The library's shelves were filled with ancient manuscripts.

Slippage – késedelem

A failure to happen or finish on time

There was some slippage in the project timeline due to delays.

Slippage – lecsúszás

A reduction in the rate, amount, or standard of something

The party leader is said to be concerned at the slippage in the recent opinion polls.

Slippery – ravasz

Someone who cannot be trusted

He is a slippery politician who avoids giving direct answers.

Slippery – csúszós

Something is wet or smooth so that it slides easily or causes something to slide

The road was wet and slippery.

Soften – megpuhítani

To become soft, or to make something soft

You can soften the butter by warming it gently.

Softly – gyengéden, halkan, nyugodtan

Gently

She speaks softly but usually gets her own way.

Softener – lágyító

A substance used to make something soft

Add fabric softener to your laundry for fresh scent and softer clothes.

Solidify/Solidity– szilárd, szilárdság

The quality of being hard or firm, not a liquid or gas

The agreement would give a new solidity to military cooperation between the two countries.

Spacing – távolság

The amount of distance between lines or words, especially on a printed page

Adjust the spacing between the lines in your essay to make it more readable.

Spaciousness – tágas

The quality of being large and having a lot of space

The building has a feeling of spaciousness and light.

Spacious(ly) – tágas, tágassan

In a way that is large and has a lot of space

The restaurant is spaciously arranged on the first floor.

Infrastructure – infrastruktúra

The basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively

The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure.

Structural(ly) – szerkezet, szerkezetileg

In a way that relates to how parts of a system or object are arranged, or to the structure of a building or similar object

Few buildings were left structurally safe after the earthquake.

(Un)structured – strukturált, strukturálatlan

Organized/not organized so that the parts relate well to each other; having a clear structure

The unstructured interview allowed for a more natural conversation

Substantiate – beigazolódni

To show something to be true, or to support a claim with facts

Reports that children had been hurt have not been substantiated.

Substantiation – alátámasztani

The act of showing something to be true, or of supporting a claim with facts

The criticisms were without factual substantiation.

Unsubstantiated – megalapozatlan

Not supported by facts

Companies can be punished for making unsubstantiated claims about their products.

Substantial – jelentős

Large in size, value, or importance

He received a substantial pay raise after the promotion.

Insubstantial – nem elég erős, megalapozatlan

Not enough or not strong enough

The evidence was insubstantial and failed to convince the jury.

Substantially – lényegesen, alapvetően, jelentősen

To a large degree

The new rules will substantially change how we do things.

Insubstantially – lényegtelen, lényegtelenül

In a way that lacks strength or importance.

The argument was insubstantially based on personal opinions.

Unit 18 – Reactions and health

Topic vocabulary: Reaction

Acknowledge – elismerni

To accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something

She acknowledged having been at fault.

Acknowledge – tudomásul venni

To tell someone, usually in a letter or email, that you have received something they sent you

They didn’t acknowledge my letter.

Acknowledge – felismernni, elismerni

To show that you have seen someone or that you recognize them, for example by smiling or speaking

They barely acknowledge each other in public.

Agonize – gyötrődni

To spend a lot of time trying to make a decision

He agonized for several days before agreeing to move to Oklahoma.

Apathy – közömbösség

Behaviour that shows no interest or energy and shows that someone is unwilling to take action, especially over something important

Few people voted in the election, presumably just because of apathy.

Avoid – kerülni

To try to prevent something from happening

To try not to not to go near someone or something

To choose not to do something in order to achieve a better result

When taking this medication, it is advisable to avoid alcohol.

Behaviour – viselkedése (valakinek)

The way that someone behaves

Her behaviour is often appalling.

Chuckle (v) – kuncogni

To laugh quietly

She was chuckling as she read the letter.

Chuckle (n) – kuncogás

A quiet laugh

He gave a chuckle in response to her question

Comfort (n) – kényelem

A pleasant feeling of being relaxed and free from pain, a feeling of being less sad or worried about something than you were previously, a pleasant way of life in which you have everything you need

It’s a little too hot for comfort.

Comfort (v) – vigasztalni

To make someone feel better when they are sad or worried

The girl’s mother was at home today, being comforted by relatives

Conduct (n) – magatartás

Behavior

His conduct at the meeting was inappropriate.

Conduct (v) – vezetni, megszervezni

To organize and perform a particular activity

The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York.

Consequence – következmény

A result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient

She said exactly what she felt, without fear of the consequences.

Contentment – elégedettség

Happiness and satisfaction, often because you have everything you need

His face wore a look of pure contentment.

Cross – haragudni, mérgesnek lenni

Annoyed or angry

Don’t be a cross with me – it’s not my fault.

Dignity – méltóság

Calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you

He is a man of dignity and calm determination.

Disgust (n) – undor, ellenszenv

A strong feeling of disapproval and dislike at a situation, person’s behaviour

She walked out in disgust.

Disgust (v) – undorodni, undort/felháborodást kelteni

To make you feel extreme dislike or disapproval

 Doesn’t all the violence on TV disgust you?

Disillusioned – kiábrándult, kijózanodott, csalódott

Disappointed and unhappy because of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected

He become a disillusioned man.

Fed up – tele van a hócipő, elege van, betelt a pohár

Bored, annoyed, or disappointed, especially by something that you have experienced for too long

I’m fed up with my job.

Giggle – vihogni, vihogás, kuncogni, kuncogás

To laugh repeatedly in a quiet but uncontrolled way, often at something silly or rude or when you are nervous; and the laughter itself

Stop the giggling in the back row!

Glance – pillantani, pillantás

To give a quick short look; the look itself

He glanced over his shoulder nervously.

Glimpse – futó pillantás, megpillantani valamit futólag

To see something or someone for a very short time or only partly; the occasion when you see something for a moment only

We glimpsed the ruined abbey from the windows of the train.

Gloat – kárörvendeni, kárörömködni,

To feel or express great pleasure or satisfaction because of your own success or good luck, or someone else's failure or bad luck

I know I shouldn’t gloat, but it really serves him right.

Glum – rosszkedvű, szomorú, gyászos, komor

Disappointed or unhappy, and quit

You look glum. What’s up?

Grimace – finor, grimasz, fintorogni, grimaszolni

To make an expression of pain, strong dislike, etc. in which the face twists in an ugly way; the expression itself

He tried to stand and grimaced with pain.

Grin – vigyorgás, széles mosoly

A wide smile

I assumed things had gone well for him because he had a big grin on his face.

Handle – kezelni, kézben tartja a gyeplőt

To deal with, have responsibility for, or be in charge of

I thought he handled the situation very well.

Impatient – türelmetlen

Easily annoyed by someone’s mistakes or because you have to wait

He is a good teacher, but inclined to be a bit impatient with slow learners.

Inertia – tétlenség, tompultság, élettelenség

The tendency not to change what is happening

Many teachers were reluctant to use computers in their classrooms simply out of inertia

Manners – erkölcsök, szokások,

Polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public

He needs to be taught some manners.

Manoeuvre (n) – manőver

A movement or set of movements needing skill and care

Reversing round a corner is one of the manoeuvres you are required to perform in a driving test.

Manoeuvre (v) – manőverezni

To try to control or influence a person, situation or object in a particular way

He has manieuvred astutely to avoid industrial action among staff.

Moan (v, n)– nyöszörögni, nyögni, nyöszörgés, nyögés

To make a long, low sound of pain, suffering, or another strong emotion; the sound itself

He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.

Moan (n, v) – nyavalygás, nyavalyogni

To make a complaint in an unhappy voice, usually about something that does not seem important to other people; the complain itself

Thelma is always moaning about something, and forgets how lucky she actually is.

Mock – gúnyolódni

To laugh at someone, often by copying them in a funny but unkind way.

They were mocking him because he kept falling off his bike.

Neglect – elhanyagolni, elhanyagolás

To not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility; the failure itself

She's been neglecting her studies this semester.

Peep – kukucskálni, kukucskálás, kukkolni, kukkolás

To secretly look at something for a short time, usually through a hole; the look itself

I saw her peeping through the curtains into the room.

Peer – nézni, lesni,

To look carefully or with difficulty

The driver was peering into the distance trying to read the road sign.

Prevent – elkerülni, megelőzni

To stop something from happening or someone from doing something

Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.

Rejoice – örülni, ünnepelni

To feel or show great happiness about something

Everyone rejoiced at the news of his safe return.

Resent – neheztelni, irigykeni

To feel angry because you have been forced to accept someone or something that you do not like

The girls in the family resented all the attention that Peter was getting.

Resolute – határozott

Determined in character, action, or ideas

She's utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize.

 Smirk – vigyorogni, vigyor

To smile in a way that expresses satisfaction or pleasure about having done something, or knowing something that is not known by someone else; the smile itself

I know you’ve won, but there’s no need to smirk.

Snap – bekattani, dühbe jönni

To suddenly become unable to control a strong feeling, especially anger

When she asked me to postpone my trip to help her move to her new house, I just snapped.

Snap – felcsattani

To say something suddenly in an angry way

“Well, I hate you too!” she snapped.

Tactic – taktika

A planned way of doing something

These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the terrorists.

Terror – rémület, rettegés

Extreme fear

They fled from the city in terror.

Terror – terrorizmus, terror

Violent action or threats designed to cause fear among ordinary people, in order to achieve political aims

We need to form global partnership to fight terror.

Topic vocabulary: Health

Administer – beadni, adni

To give someone a drug or medical treatment (to give something to someone)

The drugs are administered intravenously.

Admit – bevinni, bekerülni

To allow someone to enter a hospital because they need medical care (someone enters something)

She was admitted to hospital suffering from shock.

Agony – kínban, szenvedésben

Extreme physical or mental pain or suffering

She lay there screaming in agony.

Antidote – ellenszer

A chemical, especially a drug, that limits the effects of a poison

Sales of nerve gas antidotes increased dramatically before the war.

Consultant – szakorvos

A hospital doctor at the highest level with special training in and knowledge of a particular area of medicine

She is an ear, nose, and throat consultant at a large teaching hospital.

Diagnosis – diagnózis

A judgment about what a particular illness or problem is, made after examining it

“What was the diagnosis?” “Arthritis in both joints.”

Inoculate – beoltani

To give a weak form of a disease to a person or animal, usually by injection, as a protection against that disease

My children have been inoculated against polio.

Irritation – irritáció

A painful or sore feeling in a part of the body

It is an antiseptic cream suitable for minor skin irritations.

Numb – zsibbadt

A part of your body you are unable to feel, usually for a short time

My fingers were numb with cold.

Numb – lezsibbadt, sokkolt

Not able to feel any emotions or to think clearly, because you are so shocked or frightened

When she first heard the news, she was numb with disbelief.

Nursing home – idősek otthona

A place where very old people who are ill live and receive medical treatment and care

My grandmother’s moving into a nursing home next week.

Paralysis – bénulás

A condition in which you are unable to move all or part of your body because of illness or injury

Some nervous disorders can produce paralysis.

Plaster – ragtapasz

A small piece of sticky cloth or plastic that you use to cover and protect a cut in the skin

Put a plaster on it so that it doesn’t get infected.

Prescribe – felírni, diagnózist mondani

(Of a doctor) to say what medical treatment someone should have

The drug is often prescribed for ulcers.

Prevent(at)ive medicine – megelőző orvoslás

Medical examinations, treatments, advice, intended to prevent illness or discover it before it becomes serious

The government should invest more in preventive medicine.

Prognosis – prognózis 

A doctor's judgment of the likely or expected development of a disease or of the chances of getting better

The prognosis after the operation was for a full recovery.

Sick leave – betegszabadság

Time away from work because of illness

Mr. Jenkins is away on sick leave today.

Side effect – mellékhatás

An unpleasant effect of a drug, medical treatment, or vaccine that happens in addition to the main intended effect

Does this drug have any side effects?

Syringe – fecskendő

A hollow, cylinder-shaped piece of equipment used for sucking liquid out of something or pushing liquid into something, especially one with a needle that can be put under the skin and used to inject drugs, remove small amounts of blood

Take the syringe and inject the patient.

Vaccine – vakcina

A substance that is put into the body of a person or animal to protect them from a disease by causing them to produce

The vaccine protects against some kinds of the bacteria.

Ward – osztály, terem

One of the parts or large rooms into which a hospital is divided, usually with beds for patients

Jo is a staff nurse working on the maternity ward.

Phrasal words

Black out – elájulni, besötétíteni

Suddenly become unconscious; make a place dark by turning off all the lights

I blacked out right after the accident.

Come out in – (kiütések) kijönni rajta

Become covered in spots

This heat has made me come out in an itchy red rash.

Come round – magához térni, újra megtörténi, meglátogatni, átmenni, meggyőzni

Become conscious again after being unconscious; Happen again; Go to a place where someone is, to visit them; Be persuaded to change your opinion or decision

Come round tonight and we will watch a video.

Cotton on – ráébredni

Begin to realize or understand something

The industry took some time to cotton on to the problem.

Crease up – megnevettetni, nevetni sokat

Laugh a lot, or make someone laugh a lot

The look on his face just creased me up.

Follow up – utánajárni, megvizsgálni

Check the health of someone who has received medical treatment; try to find out more about something

The idea sounded interesting and I decided to follow it up.

Get down – lehangol, lehoz az életről

Make someone feel sad or lose hope

The constant bad weather really gets me down during the winter months.

Get over – túljutni, megoldani

Start to feel happy or well again after something bad has happened; solve or deal with a problem

She was only just getting over the flu when she got a stomach bug.

Get down (well/badly) with sb –

Produce a particular reaction

Lash out – megütni valakit, rátámadni valakire

Try to hit or attack someone suddenly and violently; speak angrily to or against someone

I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out at me and hit me in the face.

Pass away/on – meghalt, elhunyt

Die

She is terribly upset because her father passed away last week.

Play up – nem bírni, rosszalkodni,

Cause difficulties or pain for someone; behave badly

His knee’s been playing him up again.

Pull through – túlélni, túljutni, átsegíteni

Manage to stay alive after you have been very ill or very badly injured; succeed in a very difficult situation, or help someone do this

They said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to pull through.

Shrivel up – összezsugorodni, összemenni

Become smaller and thinner and not look fresh and healthy; become weaker or smaller

These carrots have shrivelled up a bit so I think I’ll throw them out.

Summon up – összeszedni (a bátorságot)

Manage to produce a quality or a reaction that helps you deal with a difficult situation

I don’t know how I’m going to summon up the courage to tell Dad.

Ward off – valami ellen, valamit megelőzni

Do something to prevent someone or something from harming you

In the winter I take vitamin C to ward off colds.   

Phrases, patterns, collocations

Act in good/bad faith – jó/rosszhiszemű cselekedet

To act with honest intentions or, conversely, with dishonest motives

He signed the contract in good faith, trusting that the other party would fulfill their obligations.

Act out of desperation/necessity – kétségbeesésből/szükségből cselekedni

To do something because you are in a desperate situation or have no other choice

She stole food out of desperation when she couldn't afford to buy any.

Act the part/role of – szerepet játszani. felvenni

To perform the duties or behave in a way that fits a specific role

He acted the role of a concerned parent, even though he was not truly invested.

Act on sb’s advice/orders/behalf – valaki tanácsára cselekedni

To do something based on someone's recommendation, instructions, or for someone else's benefit

She acted on her lawyer's advice and settled the case.

Put on an act – megjátszani magát, színészkedni

To pretend to be something you’re not, often to deceive others

I don't believe his apology—he's just putting on an act.

Get your act together – összeszedni magát

To organize yourself better in order to achieve something more effectively

If you want to pass this exam, you need to get your act together and start studying.

In the act (of doing) – valami közben

While doing something, especially something wrong or unexpected

He was caught in the act of stealing from the store.

Behaviour towards – viselkedés valaki felé

The way someone acts in relation to others

Her behavior towards her colleagues is always respectful.

Pattern of behaviour – viselkedésminta

A recurring way of acting, often indicating a habit or personality trait

His pattern of behavior suggests that he struggles with authority.

On your best behaviour – lehető legjobban viselkedni

To act in a very polite or well-behaved manner

The children were on their best behavior during the visit to the museum.

Aggressive/antisocial/violent/bad/good/exemplary behaviour – Agresszív/antiszociális/erőszakos/rossz/jó/példaértékű viselkedés

Specific types of conduct that can be positive or negative

The school rewarded her for her exemplary behavior throughout the semester.

Accept/face the consequences – elfogadni/szembenézni a következményekkel

To acknowledge and deal with the results of one's actions

He knew he had to face the consequences of his decision.

Consequence of – valami következménye

The result of an action or situation, often negative

The consequence of his poor choices was losing his job.

Serious/disastrous/dire consequences – súlyos/katasztofális/kegyetlen következmények

Results that are extremely negative or damaging

Ignoring safety protocols could lead to disastrous consequences.

As a consequence – ennek következtében, ennek köszönhetően

As a result; therefore

She missed the deadline, and as a consequence, lost the client.

In consequence – emiatt, ennek következtében

As a result; due to this reason

He failed to prepare properly and, in consequence, did not pass the exam.

Of no/little consequence – nem sokat számít, nem jelentős, kevésbé fontos

Not significant or important

Whether she attends the meeting or not is of little consequence.

Cry with pain/happiness/relief – sírni a fájdalomtól/boldogságtól/megkönnyebbüléstől

To shed tears due to experiencing a strong emotion like pain, happiness, or relief

She cried with relief when she found out her test results were better than expected.

Cry over/about – megsiratni, sírni, sírva fakadni

To weep because of something that causes sadness or distress

He cried over the loss of his childhood pet.

Cry for help – segélykiáltás, segélykérés

To call out for assistance, often in a desperate or urgent way

The hiker sent a distress signal, crying for help after getting lost in the mountains.

Cry yourself to sleep – álomba sírni magad

To cry for a prolonged period, eventually falling asleep in tears.

After the argument, she cried herself to sleep, overwhelmed with emotions.

Cry your eyes/heart out – kisírni a szemet, szívet

To cry excessively or with deep emotion

She cried her eyes out at the funeral of her best friend.

Cry on sb’s shoulder – valaki vállán sírni

To seek comfort and sympathy from someone in times of emotional distress

After a rough day at work, I went to my sister's house to cry on her shoulder.

Have a (good) cry – kisírni magunkat

To allow yourself to cry, often as a way of releasing pent-up emotions

It’s okay to have a good cry now and then; it can be really therapeutic.

Cry of – kiáltás

A loud expression of a particular emotion, often in the form of a shout or wail

There was a cry of horror as the news about the accident spread.

A far cry from – messze van

Something that is very different from what was expected or what was once the case

The quiet village is a far cry from the bustling city we left behind.

Dead (set) against (doing) – határozottan ellenezni  

Completely opposed to doing something

She went dead set against the idea of moving to another city.

In dead trouble – nagy bajba kerülni

In serious or grave trouble

After missing the deadline, he was in dead trouble with his boss.

Dead and buried – már nem számítanak, nem relevánsak

Completely finished or no longer relevant

The old arguments are dead and buried; it's time to move forward.

Dead silence – síri csend

Complete silence, without any sound at all

When the principal entered the room, there was dead silence from the students.

Dead centre – pontosan középen

Exactly in the middle or at the precise point of focus