📘 Korean Language Guide (AP-Level Equivalent)

📘 Korean Language Guide (AP-Level Equivalent)

Unit 0: Hangul Mastery

🧠 Goal: Learn the Korean alphabet and syllable structure

🅰 Consonants (자음, consonants)

ㄱ (g/k), ㄴ (n), ㄷ (d/t), ㄹ (r/l), ㅁ (m), ㅂ (b/p), ㅅ (s), ㅇ (ng), ㅈ (j), ㅊ (ch), ㅋ (k), ㅌ (t), ㅍ (p), ㅎ (h)
(plus 5 double: ㄲ (kk), ㄸ (tt), ㅃ (pp), ㅆ (ss), ㅉ (jj))

🔤 Vowels (모음, vowels)

ㅏ (a), ㅑ (ya), ㅓ (eo), ㅕ (yeo), ㅗ (o), ㅛ (yo), ㅜ (u), ㅠ (yu), ㅡ (eu), ㅣ (i)
(plus 11 diphthongs: ㅐ (ae), ㅒ (yae), ㅔ (e), ㅖ (ye), ㅘ (wa), ㅙ (wae), ㅚ (oe), ㅝ (wo), ㅞ (we), ㅟ (wi), ㅢ (ui))

🔡 Syllable Structure

• Always Consonant + Vowel (C+V)

• Optional: C + V + C (받침 = final consonant)

Examples:

• 나 (na)

• 한 (han)

• 밥 (bap, rice/meal)

Unit 1: Greetings & Basic Structure

🧠 Goal: Use greetings and understand sentence structure

🗣 Basic Phrases

• 안녕하세요 (annyeonghaseyo, hello)

• 안녕히 가세요 (annyeonghi gaseyo, goodbye to someone leaving)

• 안녕히 계세요 (annyeonghi gyeseyo, goodbye to someone staying)

• 잘 자요 (jal jayo, goodnight)

• 감사합니다 (gamsahamnida, thank you)

• 죄송합니다 (joesonghamnida, I'm sorry)

🏗 Sentence Structure

Subject + Object + Verb (SOV)
Particles:

• 은/는 (eun/neun, topic particle)

• 이/가 (i/ga, subject particle)

• 을/를 (eul/reul, object particle)

Examples:

• 저는 학생이에요. (jeoneun haksaeng-ieyo, I am a student.)

• 밥을 먹어요. (bapeul meogeoyo, I eat rice.)

Unit 2: Self-Introduction + Age + Numbers

🧠 Goal: Introduce yourself, ask/tell age, count using native & sino numbers

🗣 Vocab

• 이름 (ireum, name)

• 나이 (nai, age)

• 몇 살 (myeot sal, how old)

• 한국 사람 (hanguk saram, Korean person)

• 미국 사람 (miguk saram, American person)

🔢 Numbers

Native Korean (used for age):
하나 (1), 둘 (2), 셋 (3), 넷 (4), 다섯 (5), 여섯 (6), 일곱 (7), 여덟 (8), 아홉 (9), 열 (10)

Sino-Korean (used for dates, time, phone numbers):
일 (1), 이 (2), 삼 (3), 사 (4), 오 (5), 육 (6), 칠 (7), 팔 (8), 구 (9), 십 (10)

📄 Structure

• 저는 [country] 사람이에요. (I am from [country].)

• 제 이름은 [name]이에요. (My name is [name].)

• 저는 [age]살이에요. (I am [age] years old.)

• 몇 살이에요? (How old are you?)

Examples:

• 저는 일본 사람이에요. (I am Japanese.)

• 제 이름은 마이클이에요. (My name is Michael.)

• 저는 열일곱 살이에요. (I am 17 years old.)

Unit 3: Daily Routines + Time

🧠 Goal: Describe your daily schedule

🕐 Time-Related Vocab

• 시간 (sigan, hour/time)

• 분 (bun, minute)

• 아침 (achim, morning), 저녁 (jeonyeok, evening), 밤 (bam, night)

• 일어나다 (ireonada, to wake up), 자다 (jada, to sleep), 공부하다 (gongbuhada, to study)

⏱ Time with Numbers (Sino):

• 1시 (han si, 1 o’clock), 2시 30분 (du si samsip bun, 2:30), 12시 반 (yeoldu si ban, 12:30)

📄 Structure

• [Time]에 [Verb] ([Verb] at [Time])

• [Subject]는 [Time]에 [Verb]

Examples:

• 저는 아침 7시에 일어나요. (I wake up at 7 a.m.)

• 밤 11시에 자요. (I sleep at 11 p.m.)

Unit 4: Countries + Languages

🧠 Goal: Talk about where you're from and what you speak

🌍 Country Vocab

• 한국 (Hanguk, Korea), 일본 (Ilbon, Japan), 미국 (Miguk, USA), 중국 (Jungguk, China), 프랑스 (Peurangseu, France)

• 사람 (saram, person), 말/어 (mal/eo, language)

📄 Structure

• 저는 [Country] 사람이에요. (I am [nationality].)

• [Country]어를 해요 / 못해요. (I can / cannot speak [language].)

• 어느 나라 사람이에요? (What country are you from?)

Examples:

• 저는 프랑스 사람이에요. (I am French.)

• 일본어를 조금 해요. (I speak a little Japanese.)

• 저는 한국어를 배우고 있어요. (I am learning Korean.)

Unit 5: Food + Ordering

🧠 Goal: Talk about food, order at a restaurant

🍱 Vocab (15+)

• 밥 (bap, rice), 김치 (kimchi), 불고기 (bulgogi, grilled meat), 물 (mul, water), 주스 (juseu, juice), 커피 (keopi, coffee), 우유 (uyu, milk)

• 맛있어요 (masisseoyo, it’s delicious), 주세요 (juseyo, please give me), 먹다 (meokda, to eat), 마시다 (masida, to drink)

• 좋아하다 (joahada, to like), 싫어하다 (silheohada, to dislike), 배고파요 (baegopayo, I’m hungry)

📄 Structure

• [Noun] 주세요. (Please give me [noun].)

• [Noun] 좋아해요 / 싫어해요. (I like/dislike [noun].)

• [Food]을/를 먹어요. (I eat [food].)

Examples:

• 김치 주세요. (Please give me kimchi.)

• 저는 불고기를 좋아해요. (I like bulgogi.)

• 물을 마셔요. (I drink water.)

Unit 6: Locations + Transportation

🧠 Goal: Ask/talk about places and transportation

🏙 Vocab (15+)

• 학교 (hakgyo, school), 집 (jip, home), 병원 (byeongwon, hospital), 식당 (sikdang, restaurant), 도서관 (doseogwan, library), 공원 (gongwon, park)

• 어디 (eodi, where), 가다 (gada, to go), 오다 (oda, to come), 타다 (tada, to ride)

• 지하철 (jihacheol, subway), 버스 (beoseu, bus), 택시 (taeksi, taxi), 자전거 (jajeongeo, bicycle)

📄 Structure

• [Place]에 가요. (I go to [place].)

• 어디에 가요? (Where are you going?)

• [Transport]를 타요. (I ride [transport].)

Examples:

• 학교에 가요. (I go to school.)

• 지하철을 타요. (I ride the subway.)

• 식당에 가고 싶어요. (I want to go to the restaurant.)

Unit 7: Likes & Hobbies

🧠 Goal: Talk about what you like and your hobbies

🎯 Vocab

• 운동하다 (undonghada, to exercise), 노래하다 (noraehada, to sing), 그림 그리다 (geurim geurida, to draw), 춤추다 (chumchuda, to dance)

• 취미 (chwimi, hobby), 좋아하다 (joahada, to like), 싫어하다 (silheohada, to dislike), 재미있다 (jaemiitda, fun/interesting), 심심하다 (simsimhada, bored)

📄 Structure

• [Verb stem]는 것을 좋아해요. (I like doing [verb].)

• 제 취미는 [Noun]이에요. (My hobby is [noun].)

Examples:

• 저는 노래하는 것을 좋아해요. (I like singing.)

• 제 취미는 춤이에요. (My hobby is dance.)

Unit 8: Weather + Clothes

🧠 Goal: Talk about the weather and what you wear

🌦 Vocab

• 덥다 (deopda, hot), 춥다 (chupda, cold), 비 (bi, rain), 눈 (nun, snow), 맑다 (malkda, clear), 흐리다 (heurida, cloudy)

• 옷 (ot, clothes), 입다 (ipda, to wear), 신다 (sinda, to wear shoes), 우산 (usan, umbrella)

📄 Structure

• 날씨가 [adjective]요. (The weather is [adjective].)

• [Clothing]을/를 입어요. (I wear [clothing].)

• 오늘은 [날씨]예요. (Today is [weather condition].)

Examples:

• 오늘은 비가 와요. (It’s raining today.)

• 코트를 입었어요. (I wore a coat.)

• 날씨가 아주 추워요. (The weather is very cold.)

Unit 9: Shopping + Money

🧠 Goal: Buy things, ask for prices

🛍 Vocab

• 얼마예요? (eolmayeyo, how much is it?)

• 비싸다 (bissada, expensive), 싸다 (ssada, cheap), 사고 싶어요 (sago sipeoyo, I want to buy)

• 원 (won, Korean currency), 가게 (gage, store), 계산하다 (gyesanada, to pay)

📄 Structure

• 이거 얼마예요? (How much is this?)

• [Item] 주세요. (Please give me [item].)

• [Item] 사고 싶어요. (I want to buy [item].)

Examples:

• 이거 삼천 원이에요. (This is 3,000 won.)

• 가방 주세요. (Please give me the bag.)

• 사과를 사고 싶어요. (I want to buy an apple.)

Unit 10: Plans + Future Tense

🧠 Goal: Express future plans

⏳ Vocab

• 가다 (gada, to go), 하다 (hada, to do), 만나다 (mannada, to meet), 보다 (boda, to see) + -(으)ㄹ 거예요 (will ~)

• 내일 (naeil, tomorrow), 다음 주 (daeum ju, next week), 나중에 (najunge, later), 계획 (gyehoek, plan)

📄 Future Tense Structure

• [Verb stem] + (으)ㄹ 거예요 (will [verb])

• [Time] + [Action] 할 거예요. (I will [action] [time].)

Examples:

• 내일 친구를 만날 거예요. (I will meet a friend tomorrow.)

• 다음 주에 여행할 거예요. (I will travel next week.)

• 저는 한국어 공부할 거예요. (I will study Korean.)

Korean Vocabulary Guide

(Basic to Intermediate with Informal & Formal Forms)

1. Greetings & Common Expressions

2. Basic Verbs (To do, to go, to come, to eat)

3. Asking Questions (How, Why, What)

4. Polite Requests & Commands

5. Numbers 1-10 (with counters)

6. Useful Adjectives (Informal & Formal)

7. More Common Verbs (Informal & Formal)

8. Useful Adjectives Continued (Informal & Formal)

9. Daily Life Vocabulary (Informal & Formal Phrases)

10. Asking Questions (More)

11. Common Action Verbs (Informal & Formal)

12. Describing People & Things (Adjectives)

13. Time Expressions

14. Family Members

15. Food & Drink Vocabulary