πŸ“˜ Korean Language Guide (AP-Level Equivalent)

πŸ“˜ Korean Language Guide (AP-Level Equivalent)

Unit 0: Hangul Mastery

🧠 Goal: Learn the Korean alphabet and syllable structure

πŸ…° Consonants (자음, consonants)

γ„± (g/k), γ„΄ (n), γ„· (d/t), γ„Ή (r/l), ㅁ (m), γ…‚ (b/p), γ…… (s), γ…‡ (ng), γ…ˆ (j), γ…Š (ch), γ…‹ (k), γ…Œ (t), ㅍ (p), γ…Ž (h)
(plus 5 double: γ„² (kk), γ„Έ (tt), γ…ƒ (pp), γ…† (ss), γ…‰ (jj))

πŸ”€ Vowels (λͺ¨μŒ, vowels)

ㅏ (a), γ…‘ (ya), γ…“ (eo), γ…• (yeo), γ…— (o), γ…› (yo), γ…œ (u), γ…  (yu), γ…‘ (eu), γ…£ (i)
(plus 11 diphthongs: ㅐ (ae), γ…’ (yae), γ…” (e), γ…– (ye), γ…˜ (wa), γ…™ (wae), γ…š (oe), ㅝ (wo), γ…ž (we), γ…Ÿ (wi), γ…’ (ui))

πŸ”‘ Syllable Structure

  • Always Consonant + Vowel (C+V)

  • Optional: C + V + C (λ°›μΉ¨ = final consonant)

Examples:

  • λ‚˜ (na)

  • ν•œ (han)

  • λ°₯ (bap, rice/meal)

Unit 1: Greetings & Basic Structure

🧠 Goal: Use greetings and understand sentence structure

πŸ—£ Basic Phrases

  • μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” (annyeonghaseyo, hello)

  • μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ°€μ„Έμš” (annyeonghi gaseyo, goodbye to someone leaving)

  • μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ³„μ„Έμš” (annyeonghi gyeseyo, goodbye to someone staying)

  • 잘 μžμš” (jal jayo, goodnight)

  • κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (gamsahamnida, thank you)

  • μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (joesonghamnida, I'm sorry)

πŸ— Sentence Structure

Subject + Object + Verb (SOV)
Particles:

  • 은/λŠ” (eun/neun, topic particle)

  • 이/κ°€ (i/ga, subject particle)

  • 을/λ₯Ό (eul/reul, object particle)

Examples:

  • μ €λŠ” ν•™μƒμ΄μ—μš”. (jeoneun haksaeng-ieyo, I am a student.)

  • λ°₯을 λ¨Ήμ–΄μš”. (bapeul meogeoyo, I eat rice.)

Unit 2: Self-Introduction + Age + Numbers

🧠 Goal: Introduce yourself, ask/tell age, count using native & sino numbers

πŸ—£ Vocab

  • 이름 (ireum, name)

  • λ‚˜μ΄ (nai, age)

  • λͺ‡ μ‚΄ (myeot sal, how old)

  • ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒ (hanguk saram, Korean person)

  • λ―Έκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒ (miguk saram, American person)

πŸ”’ Numbers

Native Korean (used for age):
ν•˜λ‚˜ (1), λ‘˜ (2), μ…‹ (3), λ„· (4), λ‹€μ„― (5), μ—¬μ„― (6), 일곱 (7), μ—¬λŸ (8), 아홉 (9), μ—΄ (10)

Sino-Korean (used for dates, time, phone numbers):
일 (1), 이 (2), μ‚Ό (3), 사 (4), 였 (5), 윑 (6), μΉ  (7), νŒ” (8), ꡬ (9), μ‹­ (10)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • μ €λŠ” [country] μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”. (I am from [country].)

  • 제 이름은 [name]μ΄μ—μš”. (My name is [name].)

  • μ €λŠ” [age]μ‚΄μ΄μ—μš”. (I am [age] years old.)

  • λͺ‡ μ‚΄μ΄μ—μš”? (How old are you?)

Examples:

  • μ €λŠ” 일본 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”. (I am Japanese.)

  • 제 이름은 λ§ˆμ΄ν΄μ΄μ—μš”. (My name is Michael.)

  • μ €λŠ” 열일곱 μ‚΄μ΄μ—μš”. (I am 17 years old.)

Unit 3: Daily Routines + Time

🧠 Goal: Describe your daily schedule

πŸ• Time-Related Vocab

  • μ‹œκ°„ (sigan, hour/time)

  • λΆ„ (bun, minute)

  • μ•„μΉ¨ (achim, morning), 저녁 (jeonyeok, evening), λ°€ (bam, night)

  • μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€ (ireonada, to wake up), μžλ‹€ (jada, to sleep), κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€ (gongbuhada, to study)

⏱ Time with Numbers (Sino):

  • 1μ‹œ (han si, 1 o’clock), 2μ‹œ 30λΆ„ (du si samsip bun, 2:30), 12μ‹œ 반 (yeoldu si ban, 12:30)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • [Time]에 [Verb] ([Verb] at [Time])

  • [Subject]λŠ” [Time]에 [Verb]

Examples:

  • μ €λŠ” μ•„μΉ¨ 7μ‹œμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μš”. (I wake up at 7 a.m.)

  • λ°€ 11μ‹œμ— μžμš”. (I sleep at 11 p.m.)

Unit 4: Countries + Languages

🧠 Goal: Talk about where you're from and what you speak

🌍 Country Vocab

  • ν•œκ΅­ (Hanguk, Korea), 일본 (Ilbon, Japan), λ―Έκ΅­ (Miguk, USA), 쀑ꡭ (Jungguk, China), ν”„λž‘μŠ€ (Peurangseu, France)

  • μ‚¬λžŒ (saram, person), 말/μ–΄ (mal/eo, language)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • μ €λŠ” [Country] μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”. (I am [nationality].)

  • [Country]μ–΄λ₯Ό ν•΄μš” / λͺ»ν•΄μš”. (I can / cannot speak [language].)

  • μ–΄λŠ λ‚˜λΌ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”? (What country are you from?)

Examples:

  • μ €λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”. (I am French.)

  • 일본어λ₯Ό 쑰금 ν•΄μš”. (I speak a little Japanese.)

  • μ €λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό 배우고 μžˆμ–΄μš”. (I am learning Korean.)

Unit 5: Food + Ordering

🧠 Goal: Talk about food, order at a restaurant

🍱 Vocab (15+)

  • λ°₯ (bap, rice), κΉ€μΉ˜ (kimchi), 뢈고기 (bulgogi, grilled meat), λ¬Ό (mul, water), 주슀 (juseu, juice), 컀피 (keopi, coffee), 우유 (uyu, milk)

  • λ§›μžˆμ–΄μš” (masisseoyo, it’s delicious), μ£Όμ„Έμš” (juseyo, please give me), λ¨Ήλ‹€ (meokda, to eat), λ§ˆμ‹œλ‹€ (masida, to drink)

  • μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λ‹€ (joahada, to like), μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λ‹€ (silheohada, to dislike), λ°°κ³ νŒŒμš” (baegopayo, I’m hungry)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • [Noun] μ£Όμ„Έμš”. (Please give me [noun].)

  • [Noun] μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μš” / μ‹«μ–΄ν•΄μš”. (I like/dislike [noun].)

  • [Food]을/λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ–΄μš”. (I eat [food].)

Examples:

  • κΉ€μΉ˜ μ£Όμ„Έμš”. (Please give me kimchi.)

  • μ €λŠ” 뢈고기λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μš”. (I like bulgogi.)

  • 물을 λ§ˆμ…”μš”. (I drink water.)

Unit 6: Locations + Transportation

🧠 Goal: Ask/talk about places and transportation

πŸ™ Vocab (15+)

  • 학ꡐ (hakgyo, school), 집 (jip, home), 병원 (byeongwon, hospital), 식당 (sikdang, restaurant), λ„μ„œκ΄€ (doseogwan, library), 곡원 (gongwon, park)

  • μ–΄λ”” (eodi, where), κ°€λ‹€ (gada, to go), μ˜€λ‹€ (oda, to come), 타닀 (tada, to ride)

  • μ§€ν•˜μ²  (jihacheol, subway), λ²„μŠ€ (beoseu, bus), νƒμ‹œ (taeksi, taxi), μžμ „κ±° (jajeongeo, bicycle)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • [Place]에 κ°€μš”. (I go to [place].)

  • 어디에 κ°€μš”? (Where are you going?)

  • [Transport]λ₯Ό νƒ€μš”. (I ride [transport].)

Examples:

  • 학ꡐ에 κ°€μš”. (I go to school.)

  • μ§€ν•˜μ² μ„ νƒ€μš”. (I ride the subway.)

  • 식당에 κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”. (I want to go to the restaurant.)

Unit 7: Likes & Hobbies

🧠 Goal: Talk about what you like and your hobbies

🎯 Vocab

  • μš΄λ™ν•˜λ‹€ (undonghada, to exercise), λ…Έλž˜ν•˜λ‹€ (noraehada, to sing), κ·Έλ¦Ό 그리닀 (geurim geurida, to draw), μΆ€μΆ”λ‹€ (chumchuda, to dance)

  • μ·¨λ―Έ (chwimi, hobby), μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λ‹€ (joahada, to like), μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λ‹€ (silheohada, to dislike), μž¬λ―Έμžˆλ‹€ (jaemiitda, fun/interesting), μ‹¬μ‹¬ν•˜λ‹€ (simsimhada, bored)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • [Verb stem]λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μš”. (I like doing [verb].)

  • 제 μ·¨λ―ΈλŠ” [Noun]μ΄μ—μš”. (My hobby is [noun].)

Examples:

  • μ €λŠ” λ…Έλž˜ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μš”. (I like singing.)

  • 제 μ·¨λ―ΈλŠ” μΆ€μ΄μ—μš”. (My hobby is dance.)

Unit 8: Weather + Clothes

🧠 Goal: Talk about the weather and what you wear

🌦 Vocab

  • λ₯λ‹€ (deopda, hot), μΆ₯λ‹€ (chupda, cold), λΉ„ (bi, rain), 눈 (nun, snow), 맑닀 (malkda, clear), 흐리닀 (heurida, cloudy)

  • 옷 (ot, clothes), μž…λ‹€ (ipda, to wear), μ‹ λ‹€ (sinda, to wear shoes), μš°μ‚° (usan, umbrella)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • 날씨가 [adjective]μš”. (The weather is [adjective].)

  • [Clothing]을/λ₯Ό μž…μ–΄μš”. (I wear [clothing].)

  • μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ [날씨]μ˜ˆμš”. (Today is [weather condition].)

Examples:

  • μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ λΉ„κ°€ μ™€μš”. (It’s raining today.)

  • μ½”νŠΈλ₯Ό μž…μ—ˆμ–΄μš”. (I wore a coat.)

  • 날씨가 μ•„μ£Ό μΆ”μ›Œμš”. (The weather is very cold.)

Unit 9: Shopping + Money

🧠 Goal: Buy things, ask for prices

πŸ› Vocab

  • μ–Όλ§ˆμ˜ˆμš”? (eolmayeyo, how much is it?)

  • λΉ„μ‹Έλ‹€ (bissada, expensive), μ‹Έλ‹€ (ssada, cheap), 사고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš” (sago sipeoyo, I want to buy)

  • 원 (won, Korean currency), κ°€κ²Œ (gage, store), κ³„μ‚°ν•˜λ‹€ (gyesanada, to pay)

πŸ“„ Structure

  • 이거 μ–Όλ§ˆμ˜ˆμš”? (How much is this?)

  • [Item] μ£Όμ„Έμš”. (Please give me [item].)

  • [Item] 사고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš”. (I want to buy [item].)

Examples:

  • 이거 μ‚Όμ²œ μ›μ΄μ—μš”. (This is 3,000 won.)

  • κ°€λ°© μ£Όμ„Έμš”. (Please give me the bag.)

  • 사과λ₯Ό 사고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš”. (I want to buy an apple.)

Unit 10: Plans + Future Tense

🧠 Goal: Express future plans

⏳ Vocab

  • κ°€λ‹€ (gada, to go), ν•˜λ‹€ (hada, to do), λ§Œλ‚˜λ‹€ (mannada, to meet), 보닀 (boda, to see) + -(으)γ„Ή κ±°μ˜ˆμš” (will ~)

  • 내일 (naeil, tomorrow), λ‹€μŒ μ£Ό (daeum ju, next week), λ‚˜μ€‘μ— (najunge, later), κ³„νš (gyehoek, plan)

πŸ“„ Future Tense Structure

  • [Verb stem] + (으)γ„Ή κ±°μ˜ˆμš” (will [verb])

  • [Time] + [Action] ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. (I will [action] [time].)

Examples:

  • 내일 친ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. (I will meet a friend tomorrow.)

  • λ‹€μŒ 주에 μ—¬ν–‰ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. (I will travel next week.)

  • μ €λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ–΄ 곡뢀할 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. (I will study Korean.)

Korean Vocabulary Guide

(Basic to Intermediate with Informal & Formal Forms)

1. Greetings & Common Expressions

Meaning

Informal (반말)

Pronunciation

Formal (μ‘΄λŒ“λ§)

Pronunciation

Example Sentence (Formal)

Hello

μ•ˆλ…•

annyeong

μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”

annyeonghaseyo

μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”! λ§Œλ‚˜μ„œ λ°˜κ°‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Hello! Nice to meet you.)

Goodbye (when leaving)

잘 κ°€

jal ga

μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ°€μ„Έμš”

annyeonghi gaseyo

μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ°€μ„Έμš”! (Goodbye!)

Goodbye (when staying)

잘 μžˆμ–΄

jal isseo

μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ³„μ„Έμš”

annyeonghi gyeseyo

μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ³„μ„Έμš”! (Goodbye!)

Thank you

κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œ

gomawo

κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€

gamsahamnida

κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„μ™€μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œμš”. (Thank you. Thanks for helping.)

Sorry

λ―Έμ•ˆν•΄

mianhae

μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€

joesonghamnida

μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŠ¦μ—ˆμ–΄μš”. (Sorry, I’m late.)

2. Basic Verbs (To do, to go, to come, to eat)

Meaning

Informal

Pronunciation

Formal

Pronunciation

Example Sentence (Formal)

To do

ν•˜λ‹€

hada

ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€

hamnida

μ €λŠ” μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I do homework.)

To go

κ°€λ‹€

gada

κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€

gamnida

학ꡐ에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I go to school.)

To come

μ˜€λ‹€

oda

μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€

omnida

μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (A friend is coming.)

To eat

λ¨Ήλ‹€

meokda

λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€

meokseumnida

λ°₯을 λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I eat rice.)

3. Asking Questions (How, Why, What)

Meaning

Informal

Pronunciation

Formal

Pronunciation

Example Sentence (Formal)

What

뭐

mwo

무엇

mueot

이것이 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ? (What is this?)

Why

μ™œ

wae

μ™œ

wae

μ™œ λŠ¦μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? (Why are you late?)

How

μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ

eotteoke

μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ

eotteoke

μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄μ„Έμš”? (How are you?)

4. Polite Requests & Commands

Meaning

Informal (command)

Pronunciation

Formal (request)

Pronunciation

Example Sentence (Formal Request)

Please do it

ν•΄

hae

ν•΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”

hae juseyo

문을 μ—΄μ–΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”. (Please open the door.)

Don’t do it

ν•˜μ§€ 마

haji ma

ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”

haji maseyo

μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‹΄λ°° ν”Όμš°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. (Don’t smoke here.)

5. Numbers 1-10 (with counters)

Number

Pronunciation

Example with counter (formal)

1

ν•˜λ‚˜ (hana)

사과 ν•œ 개 μ£Όμ„Έμš”. (Please give me one apple.)

2

λ‘˜ (dul)

사과 두 개 μ£Όμ„Έμš”. (Please give me two apples.)

3

μ…‹ (set)

μ±… μ„Έ ꢌ μžˆμ–΄μš”. (I have three books.)

4

λ„· (net)

의자 λ„€ 개 ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”. (I need four chairs.)

5

λ‹€μ„― (daseot)

λ‹€μ„― λͺ…이 μ™”μ–΄μš”. (Five people came.)

6. Useful Adjectives (Informal & Formal)

Meaning

Informal

Pronunciation

Formal

Pronunciation

Example Sentence (Formal)

Good

μ’‹μ•„

joa

μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€

jotseumnida

이 μŒμ‹μ΄ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (This food is good.)

Bad

λ‚˜λΉ 

nappa

λ‚˜μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€

nappseumnida

날씨가 λ‚˜μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The weather is bad.)

Big

컀

keo

ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€

keumnida

집이 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The house is big.)

Small

μž‘μ•„

jaga

μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€

jakseumnida

방이 μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The room is small.)

7. More Common Verbs (Informal & Formal)

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal Form

Formal Form

Example Sentence (Formal)

μ£Όλ‹€

juda

to give

쀘 (jwo)

μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€ (jumnida)

선물을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I give a present.)

λ°›λ‹€

batda

to receive

λ°›μ•„ (bada)

λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (batseumnida)

νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I receive a letter.)

보닀

boda

to see

봐 (bwa)

λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€ (bomnida)

μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I watch a movie.)

λ§Œλ“€λ‹€

mandeulda

to make

λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ (mandeureo)

λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€ (mandeumnida)

μŒμ‹μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I make food.)

μ‚΄λ‹€

salda

to live

μ‚΄μ•„ (sara)

μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€ (samnida)

μ„œμšΈμ— μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I live in Seoul.)

λ°°μš°λ‹€

baeuda

to learn

λ°°μ›Œ (baewo)

λ°°μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€ (baeumnida)

ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I learn Korean.)

κ±·λ‹€

geotda

to walk

κ±Έμ–΄ (georeo)

κ±·μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (geotseumnida)

κ³΅μ›μ—μ„œ κ±·μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I walk in the park.)

8. Useful Adjectives Continued (Informal & Formal)

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜λ‹€

haengbokhada

happy

행볡해 (haengbokhae)

ν–‰λ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (haengbokhamnida)

μ €λŠ” ν–‰λ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I am happy.)

μŠ¬ν”„λ‹€

seulpeuda

sad

슬퍼 (seulpeo)

μŠ¬ν”•λ‹ˆλ‹€ (seulpseumnida)

κ·ΈλŠ” μŠ¬ν”•λ‹ˆλ‹€. (He is sad.)

νž˜λ“€λ‹€

himdeulda

difficult/tiring

νž˜λ“€μ–΄ (himdeureo)

νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€ (himdeumnida)

일이 νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Work is hard.)

쉽닀

swipda

easy

μ‰¬μ›Œ (swipwo)

μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (swipseumnida)

이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (This problem is easy.)

μ˜ˆμ˜λ‹€

yeppeuda

pretty

예뻐 (yeppeo)

μ˜ˆμ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (yeppeumnida)

꽃이 μ˜ˆμ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The flower is pretty.)

9. Daily Life Vocabulary (Informal & Formal Phrases)

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

집

jip

house/home

집에 μžˆμ–΄ (jibe isseo)

집에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (jibe isseumnida)

μ €λŠ” 집에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I am at home.)

학ꡐ

hakgyo

school

학ꡐ κ°€ (hakgyo ga)

학ꡐ κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ (hakgyo gamnida)

학생듀이 학ꡐ에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Students go to school.)

νšŒμ‚¬

hoesa

company/workplace

νšŒμ‚¬ κ°€ (hoesa ga)

νšŒμ‚¬ κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ (hoesa gamnida)

μ €λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ— κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I go to the company.)

μ‹œμž₯

sijang

market

μ‹œμž₯ κ°€ (sijang ga)

μ‹œμž₯ κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ (sijang gamnida)

μ‹œμž₯에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I go to the market.)

μŒμ‹μ 

eumsikjeom

restaurant

μŒμ‹μ  κ°€ (eumsikjeom ga)

μŒμ‹μ  κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ (eumsikjeom gamnida)

μŒμ‹μ μ— κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I go to the restaurant.)

10. Asking Questions (More)

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

μ–΄λ””

eodi

where

μ–΄λ”” κ°€? (eodi ga?)

μ–΄λ”” κ°€μ„Έμš”? (eodi gaseyo?)

μ–΄λ”” κ°€μ„Έμš”? (Where are you going?)

λˆ„κ΅¬

nugu

who

λˆ„κ΅¬μ•Ό? (nuguya?)

λˆ„κ΅¬μ„Έμš”? (nuguseyo?)

λˆ„κ΅¬μ„Έμš”? (Who are you?)

μ–Έμ œ

eonje

when

μ–Έμ œ 와? (eonje wa?)

μ–Έμ œ μ˜€μ„Έμš”? (eonje oseyo?)

μ–Έμ œ μ˜€μ„Έμš”? (When are you coming?)

뭐

mwo

what

뭐 ν•΄? (mwo hae?)

무엇을 ν•˜μ„Έμš”? (mueoseul haseyo?)

무엇을 ν•˜μ„Έμš”? (What are you doing?)

μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ

eotteoke

how

μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄? (eotteoke hae?)

μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜μ„Έμš”? (eotteoke haseyo?)

μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜μ„Έμš”? (How do you do it?)

11. Common Action Verbs (Informal & Formal)

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

μžλ‹€

jada

to sleep

자 (ja)

μž‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ (jamnida)

μ €λŠ” 일찍 μž‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I sleep early.)

λ§ˆμ‹œλ‹€

masida

to drink

λ§ˆμ…” (masyeo)

λ§ˆμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€ (masimnida)

물을 λ§ˆμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I drink water.)

μ“°λ‹€

sseuda

to write/use

써 (sseo)

μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€ (sseumnida)

νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I write a letter.)

λ“£λ‹€

deutda

to listen

λ“€μ–΄ (deureo)

λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (deutseumnida)

μŒμ•…μ„ λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I listen to music.)

λ§ν•˜λ‹€

malhada

to speak

말해 (malhae)

λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (malhamnida)

ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I speak in Korean.)

앉닀

antda

to sit

앉아 (anja)

μ•‰μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (anjseumnida)

μ˜μžμ— μ•‰μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I sit on the chair.)

μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€

ireonada

to stand up/get up

μΌμ–΄λ‚˜ (ireona)

μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (ireonamnida)

아침에 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I get up in the morning.)

12. Describing People & Things (Adjectives)

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

크닀

keuda

big

컀 (keo)

ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€ (keumnida)

집이 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The house is big.)

μž‘λ‹€

jakda

small

μž‘μ•„ (jaga)

μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (jakseumnida)

가방이 μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The bag is small.)

λΉ λ₯΄λ‹€

bbaleuda

fast

빨라 (ppalla)

λΉ λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€ (ppareumnida)

μ°¨κ°€ λΉ λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The car is fast.)

λŠλ¦¬λ‹€

neurida

slow

느렀 (neulyeo)

λŠλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€ (neurimnida)

κ±·λŠ” 속도가 λŠλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The walking speed is slow.)

μ˜ˆμ˜λ‹€

yeppeuda

pretty

예뻐 (yeppeo)

μ˜ˆμ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (yeppeumnida)

꽃이 μ˜ˆμ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The flower is pretty.)

λͺ»μƒκΈ°λ‹€

motsaenggida

ugly

λͺ»μƒκ²Όμ–΄ (motsaenggyeosseo)

λͺ»μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (motsaenggyeotseumnida)

κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ»μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (He is ugly.)

무겁닀

mugeopda

heavy

λ¬΄κ±°μ›Œ (mugeowo)

λ¬΄κ²μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (mugeopseumnida)

가방이 λ¬΄κ²μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The bag is heavy.)

13. Time Expressions

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

였늘

oneul

today

였늘 (oneul)

였늘 (oneul)

였늘 날씨가 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (The weather is nice today.)

μ–΄μ œ

eoje

yesterday

μ–΄μ œ (eoje)

μ–΄μ œ (eoje)

μ–΄μ œ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I watched a movie yesterday.)

내일

naeil

tomorrow

내일 (naeil)

내일 (naeil)

내일 학ꡐ에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I go to school tomorrow.)

μ§€κΈˆ

jigeum

now

μ§€κΈˆ (jigeum)

μ§€κΈˆ (jigeum)

μ§€κΈˆ 뭐 ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ? (What are you doing now?)

μ˜€μ „

ojeon

morning (AM)

μ˜€μ „ (ojeon)

μ˜€μ „ (ojeon)

μ˜€μ „ 9μ‹œμ— λ§Œλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Meet at 9 a.m.)

μ˜€ν›„

ohu

afternoon (PM)

μ˜€ν›„ (ohu)

μ˜€ν›„ (ohu)

μ˜€ν›„μ— μš΄λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I exercise in the afternoon.)

μ‹œκ°„

sigan

time/hour

μ‹œκ°„ (sigan)

μ‹œκ°„ (sigan)

μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μš”. (There is no time.)

14. Family Members

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

μ—„λ§ˆ

eomma

mom

μ—„λ§ˆ (eomma)

μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆ (eomeoni)

μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜ μ „ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I called my mother.)

μ•„λΉ 

appa

dad

μ•„λΉ  (appa)

아버지 (abeoji)

아버지가 집에 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (My father is at home.)

ν˜• / 였빠

hyeong / oppa

older brother

ν˜• / 였빠

ν˜•λ‹˜ / μ˜€λΉ λ‹˜

ν˜•μ΄ 학ꡐ에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Older brother goes to school.)

λˆ„λ‚˜ / μ–Έλ‹ˆ

nuna / eonni

older sister

λˆ„λ‚˜ / μ–Έλ‹ˆ

λˆ„λ‹˜ / μ–Έλ‹ˆλ‹˜

μ–Έλ‹ˆκ°€ μ˜ˆμ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Older sister is pretty.)

동생

dongsaeng

younger sibling

동생

동생

동생이 κ³΅λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Younger sibling studies.)

ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ

halmeoni

grandmother

ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ (halmeoni)

ν• λ¨Έλ‹˜

ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Grandmother is healthy.)

할아버지

halabeoji

grandfather

할아버지 (halabeoji)

ν• μ•„λ²„λ‹˜

할아버지가 집에 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Grandfather is at home.)

15. Food & Drink Vocabulary

Hangul

Romanization

Meaning

Informal

Formal

Example Sentence (Formal)

λ°₯

bap

cooked rice

λ°₯ (bap)

λ°₯ (bap)

λ°₯을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I ate rice.)

λ¬Ό

mul

water

λ¬Ό (mul)

λ¬Ό (mul)

물을 λ§ˆμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I drink water.)

κΉ€μΉ˜

gimchi

kimchi

κΉ€μΉ˜ (gimchi)

κΉ€μΉ˜ (gimchi)

κΉ€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I like kimchi.)

κ³ κΈ°

gogi

meat

κ³ κΈ° (gogi)

κ³ κΈ° (gogi)

κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I eat meat.)

과일

gwail

fruit

과일 (gwail)

과일 (gwail)

과일을 λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I eat fruit.)

컀피

keopi

coffee

컀피 (keopi)

컀피 (keopi)

컀피λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I drink coffee.)

λΉ΅

bbang

bread

λΉ΅ (bbang)

λΉ΅ (bbang)

빡을 μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (I bought bread.)