FREEDOM

• Freedom is the ability to do what you want to do. It originated from the Danish term “friheden,” which was originally meant to mean “dear” or “beloved.”

• However, as years went by, and as it became used in English, the meaning evolved to mean “choice.”

2 distinctions of freedom

1. outer freedom - ability of human to do anything he wants to do without human intervention.

2. inner freedom- ability of human to achieve anything he wants to achieve without the societal pressure of other external impediments.

DETERMINISM

- theory that states that humans are not free

3 distinctions of determinism

1. biological - the theory that certain predispositions in our actions are already rooted in our DNA.

2. psychological- the theory that tells us that humans are a sum of all his past experiences, and as such, these experiences predetermines our reaction to similar situations.

3. sociological- theory that tells us our responses in situations are made primarily by what society accepts.

4. theological - our life is written by God

3 concepts of freedom

1. Accountability - being liable to the actions you do, if you do something you have to be ready for the consequences

2. Autonomy- being free and understand that freedom is also given to others, includes what to believe and what not to believe

3. Responsibility- must understand that before making a choice there are effects and it could be good or bad, no matter what it is you will face the consequences of your choice.

INTERSUBJECTIVITY

- Human beings connectivity with other human beings, means we shared same situations and create same meanings.

THEORIES ON INTERSUBJECTIVITY

Martin Buber

• concept of “ I-it and “ I -thou”

• I- it means one sided conversation (monologue)

• I-thou means conversation between two mutual identities (dialogue)

Edmund Husserl

• by introspecting, a person realized that the world around him is much larger and by being able to accept that, he can relate to other peoples need

Edith Stein

• published “ On the Problem of Empathy”

• context of putting yourself in someone else’s foot to understand that persons situation

Karol Wojtyla (BI John Paul II)

• cosmological - human realizes that he is part of something larger than he is

• personalistic- human realizes that he is a crucial part of the world and is considered as something of value

SEEMING VS BEING

seeming - half truths

being- natural, uncensored

SPEECHIFYING VS PERSONAL MAKING PRESENT

speechifying - listening to reply

personal making present- listening to understand the whole situation

IMPOSITION VS UNFOLDING

imposition- the person does not consider the ideas of the person and consider it invalid

unfolding - the person considers the ideas of the person but don’t accept it

catharsis - release of emotions to achieve freedom from stress or negative feeling

LOVE

1. Receiving or giving love - isn’t just about receiving love from the other person, love is more on giving love to show how that person means to you.

2. being in love and falling in love - falling in love is infatuation or usually temporary feeling while being in love is permanent

3. loneliness leads to love- loneliness leads to self love

4. love is not dependent on appeal- love goes beyond what can be seen

5. loves gives and sacrifices- if there is something that needs to be corrected, being in love dictates that has to be done even the person does not like it

6. the duality of love- love is two way street

7. the value in love - love gives value to the other

4 CHARACTERISTICS OF LOVE

1. love is historical- does not reshape the person but loves you just for who you are

2. love is total - we love them for who they are and not because of the qualities they have

3. love is eternal - love is forever as it is not time bound

4. love is sacred - love is sacred because persons are valuable in themselves

HUMAN PERSON IN THE SOCIETY

THEORIES

Karl Marx

• Das Kapital

• idea of communism- eliminates private ownership and is led only by the state

Plato

• The Republic

• ideal state can only be led by only a great philosopher who has outstanding values and education

Emile Durkheim

• “The Division of Labor in the Society

• French social scientist

• to achieve better society there must be a high division of labor

SOCIAL STRUCTURES

1. Hunting -Gathering Societies

• people were scavengers and hunters

• nomads who fished and swam the seas and rivers for food

• humans are apex predator

2. Pastoral societies

• domestication

• learned to stay in an area

3. Horticultural societies

• small scale farming

4. Agricultural

• settlements on alongside rivers and valleys

• Ancient Civilization

  1.Tigris Euphrates

  2. nile river

  3.Indus river

  4.Yangtze

  5.pasig

• irrigations

• rise of empires

• trades of food around the world

5. Industrial Societies

• steam engines

• labor as primary resource

6. Post industrial Societies

• information age

• internet

• present era

5 BASIC SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

1. Religion

   • provide structure for spiritual beliefs

2. Government

   • regulate the society by providing laws

3. Education

   • knowledge to preserve our cultural identity

4. Economics

   • distribute resources in the community

5. Family

   • basic unit of the society

   • educating a child with proper morals

   • distribution of family income

HUMAN SOCIAL SYSTEM AND HOW THEY CHANGE

- identify the different transformations the society undergoes

1. interpersonal level

   • deals with changes as humans interact with one another

2. constructive level

   • deals primarily how we interact with the society at large and therefore changed by it

3. Systematic level

   • how we, as collective unit, maintain our society

   • deals with changes in the community

   • all cultural norms must be maintained to achieve social order

IMPORTANCE OF DISCOURSE

Discourse and communication can help the maintenance of social order by achieving the ff;

• discourse is necessary for attainment of justice

• discourse in necessary for keeping up with times, discussing to make sure we consider all possibilities

• discourse ensures a just and fair society, ensuring that justice is given to those who are guilty and a prevented measure to avoid placing in a situation that will demean your integrity

THE HUMAN PERSON AND IMMENENT MORTALITY

A. Definition of Death

Biologically- end of biological functions, physical systems and mental activity of human an irreversible state of biological and mental decay that is permanent by all scientific and medical means

Philosophically - death is not the end of a persons influence

The absurdity of life

• life will end

• knowing my time is limited, shouldn’t I make the most of it?

• the greatest challenge to a person- to rebel against the absurdity of life by making most out of its limit

B. In memoriam and Carpe Diem: creating a legacy that last a lifetime

• one must conquer the fear of death by accepting that we will get there eventually

  Riches and and items will decay, what won’t is our legacy

  work towards a legacy that does not just envelope materialism but also something that benefit the others

• death is a test of love

  reminder that this is a person worth our love and affection- that everything this person is reminds me of times of positivity and value

• death is a reward to some

  dying for something far more significant than yourself is a great honor and reward

• death is a test of hope

  death row inmates see their immenent destruction by becoming better than who they are despite the problems they created.

carpe diem- most commonly known as “ seize the day”, a concept where one must live his life to the fullest by creating a legacy that goes beyond the physical stay here in the material world, this legacy must be done for the betterment of other s and not just quietly living out your life as you see fit.

• seizing the day is not living by however means you desire

  - living your life correctly means by making sure you continue to preserve the integrity and dignity of others while keeping to be an inspiration to others.

• seizing the day is not achieved by collecting material things and riches

  -make your legacy affect the people and not just giving something to people

• seizing the day is not about yourself

  -it is about making a life that is worth emulating, making sure that when others see you their reaction would be, I’d like to be that person.