Fallacies

Anecdotal Evidence: Using a personal story instead of sound evidence.
Appeal to Authority: Using an authority figure’s opinion as proof.
Appeal to Ignorance: Claiming something is true because it hasn't been proven false.
Appeal to Popularity: Arguing something is true because many believe it.
Begging the Question: Assuming the conclusion within the argument.
Confirmation Bias: Only considering evidence that supports your beliefs.
False Cause: Assuming one event caused another without proof.
False Dilemma: Presenting only two options when more exist.
Shifting the Burden of Proof: Making others prove your claim is false.
Slippery Slope: Claiming one action will inevitably lead to worse outcomes.
Slothful Induction: Ignoring evidence that contradicts your belief.
Strawman: Misrepresenting someone’s argument to attack it.
Wishful Thinking: Believing something because you want it to be true.
Weak Analogy: Comparing two things that aren’t similar enough.
Red Herring: Distracting from the main issue with irrelevant information.
Scapegoating: Blaming a person or group for problems they didn’t cause.
Special Pleading: Applying rules to others but making exceptions for yourself.
Subjectivist: Arguing something is true for one person but not for another.
Tokenism: Using a small example to prove a broader point.
Vested Interest: Supporting an argument because of personal gain.
Tu Quoque: Responding to criticism by accusing the critic of the same fault.
Complex Question: Asking a question that assumes a controversial premise.
Equivocation: Using a word with multiple meanings to mislead.
Essentializing: Claiming something must be a certain way by nature.
Appeal to Force: Using threats to make someone accept a conclusion.
Appeal to Pity: Using sympathy to persuade instead of logic.
Composition: Assuming a whole has the same properties as its parts.
Division: Assuming parts have the same properties as the whole.
Confusing Necessary and Sufficient Conditions: Mistaking what’s needed for what’s enough, or vice versa.
Availability Bias: Overestimating the importance of readily available information.
Big Lie: Repeating a falsehood so often that people believe it.
Hasty Generalization: Making a broad claim from too little evidence.
Genetic Fallacy: Judging something based on its origin rather than its merits.
Appeal to Nature: Arguing that something is good because it’s natural.
Moralistic Fallacy: Assuming that what should be is what is.
No True Scotsman: Dismissing counterexamples by redefining the category.
Gambler’s Fallacy: Believing past events affect the likelihood of future outcomes.