Health and Social Care -antagonistic pairs of muscles

Antagonistic muscle action 

• muscles never work alone

• they work pairs or groups

• this is so they can produce coordinated movement

• each muscle take on a different role and this role an change depending on movement happening

Definition- 

• Paired muscle action. As the agonist muscle shortens to create movement, the antagonist lengthens to coordinate the action.

Exam question:

Explain how the action of muscles around the elbow joint result in movement (6)

Malfunctions

Osteoporosis - bone low density , having someone in your family who has it means you have more a risk of getting it then others.

symptoms and effects:

• often no symptoms

• minor fall/impact might cause fracture

• common fractures are wrist hip and verterbrae

• some cases a cough or sneeze can break a bone (because of ostepropsis

Biological explanation

• Loss of protein matrix from bone resulting in loss of bone density

• osteoprosis is more common in women due to menopause.

• oestrogen declines which is a bone formation hormone.

Cause

• Losing bone is part of ageing process

• risk factors include:

• family history

• heavy drinking and smoking 

• eating disorder such as bulumia

• long term use of some medicines

• other conditions can cause osteporoisis such as arthritis

• coaliac disease

• COPD

• women have greater risk lifestyle factor can increase chance