HOSA Questions

What is the study of the form and structure of an organism? - ANSWER- anatomy What is the study of the processes of living organisms or why and how they work? - ANSWER- physiologyy What is the study of how diseases occur and the responses of living organisms to disease processes? - ANSWER- pathophysiology What is the basic substance of all life made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus? - ANSWER- protoplasm What is the asexual cellular process that forms two identical cells? - ANSWER- mitosis What are cells of the same type that join together for a common purpose? - ANSWER- tissue

2What is the condition when there is an excess amount of tissue fluid or swelling of tissues? - ANSWER- edema What are the four main groups of tissue? - ANSWER- epithelial, connective, nerve and muscle tissue What type of tissue covers the surface of the body and forms the lining of the intestinal, respiratory, circulatory and urinary tracts? - ANSWER- epithelial What type of tissue is the supporting fabric of organs and other body parts and consists of soft and hard? - ANSWER- connective What type of connective tissue includes adipose or fatty tissue which insulates the body and acts as a padding? - ANSWER- Soft connective tissue What type of connective tissue includes cartilage and bone? - ANSWER- Hard connective tissue Which body system protects the body from injury, infection and dehydration to help regulate body temperature and eliminate waste? - ANSWER- Integumentary Which body system creates a framework for the body and protects internal organs and produces blood cells? - ANSWER- skeletal Which body system produces movement, protects internal organs, produces body heat and maintains posture? - ANSWER- Muscular Which body system coordinates and controls body activities? - ANSWER- nervous

3Which body system carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells and carries waste products away from the cells to help produce cells to fight infection? - ANSWER- Circulatory Which body system carries some tissue fluid and wastes to blood and assists with fighting infection? - ANSWER- lymphatic Which body system breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide? - ANSWER- respiratory Which body system digests food physically and chemically while transporting food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste? - ANSWER- Digestive Which body system filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body and eliminates waste? - ANSWER- urinary Which body system produces and secretes hormones to regulate body processes? - ANSWER- Endocrine Which body plane divides the body into top and bottom halves? - ANSWER- transverse Which body plane divides the body into right and left sides? - ANSWER- Midsagittal or median Which body system divides the body into a front and back section? - ANSWER- frontal or coronal Which body cavity contains the brain? - ANSWER- cranial

4Which body cavity contains the spinal cord? - ANSWER- spinal cavity Which body cavity is located in the chest and contains the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart and large blood vessels? - ANSWER- thoracic Which body system is divided into an upper and lower part and contains the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen? - ANSWER- abdominal What are the three main layers of skin? - ANSWER- epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous What are the two main layers of the epidermis? - ANSWER- stratum corneum -outermost stratum germinativum- innermost What is the outermost layer of skin? - ANSWER- epidermis What is the layer of tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves, involuntary muscles and sweat and oil glands? - ANSWER- Dermis What is the innermost layer of the skin made up of elastic and fibrous connective tissue and connects the skin to underlying muscles? - ANSWER- subcutaneous fascia or hypodermis What are the two main types of glands? - ANSWER- sudoriferous and sebaceous glands What are sweat glands called? - ANSWER- sudoriferous glands What are oil glands? - ANSWER- sebaceous glands

5Condition of baldness? - ANSWER- alopecia What are the functions of the integumentary system? - ANSWER- protection, sensory perception, body temperature regulation, storage, absorption, absorption, excretion, and production What are the two pigments? - ANSWER- melanin and carotene What is the brownish-black pigment? - ANSWER- melanin What is the yellowish-red pigment? - ANSWER- carotene absence of color pigments - ANSWER- albino reddish color of the skin that can be caused by either burns or congestion of blood in the vessels - ANSWER- erythema yellow discoloration of the skin - ANSWER- jaundice bluish discoloration of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen - ANSWER- cyanosis skin eruption that consists of flat spots on the skin - ANSWER- macules skin eruptions that consist of firm, raised areas such as pimples? - ANSWER- papules skin eruptions that consist of blisters or fluid-filled sacs - ANSWER- vesicles skin eruptions that consist of pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne or pimples? - ANSWER- pustules

6skin eruptions that consist of areas of dried pus and blood - ANSWER- crusts skin eruptions that consist of itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape, hives and insect bites - ANSWER- wheals skin eruptions that result in a deep loss of skin surface and extend into the dermis - ANSWER- ulcer inflammation of the sebaceous glands and caused by hormonal changes and increased secretion of sebum - ANSWER- acne vulgaris contagious fungal infection that usually affects the feet , results in itchy skin, blisters and cracks into open sores - ANSWER- athlete's foot inflammation of the skin, caused by any substance that irritates the skin - ANSWER- dermatitis non contagious inflammatory skin disorder caused by an allergen or irritant and - ANSWER- eczema highly contagious skin infection caused by streptococci or staphylococci organisms - ANSWER- impetigo chronic, non contagious, inherent skin diseases including thick, red areas covered with white or silver scales - ANSWER- psoriasis a highly contagious fungal infection of the skin or scalp - ANSWER- ringworm warts caused by a viral infection of the skin - ANSWER- verrucae

7What are the functions of the skeletal system? - ANSWER- framework, protection, levers, production of blood cells and storage What are the long shafts in bones called? - ANSWER- diaphysis What are the two extremities called? - ANSWER- epiphysis The cavity in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow - ANSWER- medullary canal The membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps yellow marrow intact - ANSWER- endosteum The outside of the bone covered with a tough membrane which contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and osteoblasts - ANSWER- periosteum The two divisions of the skeletal system - ANSWER- axial and appendicular The part of the skeletan that forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs and breastbone? - ANSWER- axial skeleton Spaces or soft spots that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs - ANSWER- fontanels Areas where cranial bones are joined together - ANSWER- sutures air spaces in the bones of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice - ANSWER- sinuses

8openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone - ANSWER- foramina What is the 2015 Biomedical Debate Topic? - ANSWER- E-Cigarettes- More harmful to your health than regular cigarettes What are the 5 Medical Reading Books? - ANSWER- Living and Dying in Brick City, What Every Body is Saying, How They Croaked, The Running Dream, Throwaway Players What is the 2015 HOSA National Service Project? - ANSWER- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society What is the 2015 HOSA Public Service Announcement? - ANSWER- Concussions: Prevention, Recognition and Treatment What is the 2015 Prepared Speaking and Speaking Skills? - ANSWER- HOSA: Lead! What is the 2015 Public Health Topic? - ANSWER- Second-Hand Stress What is the 2015 Researched Persuasive Speaking Topic? - ANSWER- Childhood Vaccines: Parent Choice? Should Children Play contact sports? Where was the first HOSA organizing meeting? - ANSWER- Cherry Hill, New Jersey What were the first 6 charter states? - ANSWER- Alabama, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Texas

9Where was the Constitutional Convention? - ANSWER- Arlington Texas Where was the Second HOSA conference? - ANSWER- Cherry Hill, New Jersey Where was the first National HOSA conference? - ANSWER- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Where was the third national HOSA conference? - ANSWER- Asheville, North Carolina Where were the first national HOSA headquarters? - ANSWER- Raleigh, North Carolina Where was the first National HOSA office? - ANSWER- Wilmington, Delaware What is the current national HOSA motto? - ANSWER- The Hands of HOSA mold the Health of Tomorrow Which therapy involves pressure applied with fingers, palms, thumbs or elbows to specific pressure points to stimulate flow of energy? - ANSWER- Acupressure What is an Ancient Chinese therapy involving the insertion of very thin needles into specific points along pathways of the body to stimulate the flow of energy? - ANSWER- Acupuncture Which therapy encourages the use of substances to prevent or inhibit

10oxidation and neutralize free radicals? - ANSWER- Antioxidants Which therapy involves the use of selected fragrances to alter mood and restore the body, mind and spirit? - ANSWER- Aromatherapy Which therapy uses monitoring devices to provide a patient with information about his/her reaction to stress and show its effect on the body? - ANSWER- Biofeedback Which therapy involves the Ancient Japanese and Tibetan idea that disease causes an imbalance in the body's energy fields? - ANSWER- Healing Touch Which therapy uses very minute, dilute doses of drugs made from natural substances to stimulate the immune system to remove toxins and heal the body? - ANSWER- Homeopathy Which therapy uses water in any form for healing purposes? - ANSWER- hydrotherapy Which nutritional therapy is based on the Taoist concept of the balance between yin and yang and different foods representing the two? - ANSWER- Macrobiotic Diet Which therapy is based on the ancient theory that health is harmony with nature and the universe and a balanced state of yin and yang? - ANSWER- Tai Chi Which therapy is based on an ancient healing practice with the belief that illness is an imbalance in an individual's energy field? - ANSWER- Therapeutic Touch

11A main motion is one that - ANSWER- brings business before the assembly before a member in an assembly can speak he must - ANSWER- Obtain the floor the standard order of business is presented - ANSWER- immediately after approval of the minutes Calling a meeting to order is - ANSWER- not part of the order of business If a chair makes a mistake in assigning the floor, a member may make a motion - ANSWER- to raise a Point of Order The quorum should be fixed at the number of members who can REASONABLY be expected to attend meeting - ANSWER- true What is the first item of business at a regular meeting? - ANSWER- reading and approval of minutes The order of business is also known as - ANSWER- the agenda or program When is a member allowed to rise? - ANSWER- once the speaker yields the floor What are the steps in handling a motion? - ANSWER- 1) member makes a motion 2)another member seconds the motion 3)the chair states the question 4)members debate the question

125)Chair takes a vote 6)Chair announces the results of the vote A member makes a motion by saying... - ANSWER- " I move that....." What does a member do as soon as motion is made? - ANSWER- Resumes his seat What does a member do if he or she is unsure of the proper wording of a motion? - ANSWER- may seek assistance from the chair Does the seconder of a motion need to obtain the floor? - ANSWER- NO A second implies that the seconder - ANSWER- agrees that the motion should come before the meeting When is a motion open to debate? - ANSWER- when the chair states it The maker of a motion - ANSWER- has the right to speak first What must the debate on a question consist of? - ANSWER- only the merits of the pending question How many times can a member speak on the same question the same day? - ANSWER- two Who can require that a voice vote be retaken as a standing vote(rising vote) when there is doubts as to which side prevailed? - ANSWER- Any member when can the chair vote? - ANSWER- only when the vote is by secret

13ballot or the vote would not effect the outcome What happens if there is a tie on a main motion ? - ANSWER- the motion is lost hunchback - ANSWER- kyphosis swayback - ANSWER- lordosis side to side curvature - ANSWER- scoliosis Part of the brain responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture and muscle tone - ANSWER- cerebellum Part of the brain responsible for relay center and directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum - ANSWER- thalamus Part of the brain responsible for regulating and controlling temperature, appetite, water balance,sleep - ANSWER- hypothalamus Part of the brain responsible for conducting impulses between brain parts and for certain eye and auditory reflexes - ANSWER- midbrain Part of the brain responsible for conducting messages to other parts and reflex actions like chewing, tasting, saliva and respiration - ANSWER- Pons Part of the brain responsible for regulating heartbeat, swallowing, coughing and blood pressure - ANSWER- medulla oblongata Part of the nervous system is responsible for many reflex actions and carrying sensory messages up to the brain - ANSWER- spinal cord

14This covers and protects the brain and spinal cord - ANSWER- meninges the three membranes of the meninges are....- ANSWER- dura mater arachnoid membrane pia mater The brain has four - ANSWER- ventricles the clear, colorless fluid filling the ventricles is - ANSWER- cerebrospinal fluid the largest and highest part of the brain - ANSWER- cerebrum The lobe in the brain in charge of sensory, motor, pain, heat and touch is....- ANSWER- the parietal lobe the part of the brain in charge of vision - ANSWER- is the occipital lobe the part of the brain in charge of hearing - ANSWER- is the temporal the part of the brain in charge of emotions, personality, morality and intellect is - ANSWER- the frontal lobe The syndrome when the medial nerve and the tendons pass through a canal on their way to the hand and fingers are pinched - ANSWER- is CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME the white of the eye - ANSWER- sclera what part of the eye allows light rays to enter the eye - ANSWER-

15cornea the inner most layer of the eye which transmits light impulses to the optic nerve is - ANSWER- the retina the colored portion of the eye - ANSWER- iris the opining in the center of the iris - ANSWER- pupil the circular structure behind the pupil - ANSWER- lens the clear watery fluid that fells the space between the cornea and iris - ANSWER- aqueous humor the jellylike substance that fills the area behind the lens - ANSWER- vitreous humor lazy eye - ANSWER- amblyopia nearsigtedness - ANSWER- myopia farsightedness - ANSWER- hyperopia farsightedness caused by loss of lens elasticity - ANSWER- presbyopia disorder in which eyes do not mover or focus together - ANSWER- strabismus pink eye - ANSWER- conjunctivitis the wax that protects the ear - ANSWER- cerumen

16this part of the ear transmits sound waves to the middle ear and vibrates when sound waves hit it - ANSWER- tympanic membrane the three bones in the middle ear are called - ANSWER- ossicles which part of the inner ear contains hairlike cells which are receptors to sound waves - ANSWER- cochlea the inflammation of the external auditory canal - ANSWER- otitis externa the inflammation of the middle ear caused by bacteria or infection - ANSWER- otitis media when the stapes become immobile causing hearing loss - ANSWER- otosclerosis the three layers of tissue that form the heart are - ANSWER- endocardium, myocardium and pericardium the muscular wall that separates the heart into right and left side - ANSWER- septum which of the four chambers receives blood and returns it to bod cells? - ANSWER- right atrium which of the four chambers pumps blood into the pulmonary artery? - ANSWER- right ventricle what blood vessel carries blood to the lungs for oxygen? - ANSWER- pulmonary artery

17which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs? - ANSWER- the left atrium which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta for transport to blood cells - ANSWER- left ventricle which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle? - ANSWER- tricuspid valve which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle? - ANSWER- mitral valve which valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta? - ANSWER- the aortic valve what is the largest artery in the body? - ANSWER- aorta what is the part of the heartbeat cycle when it is at rest - ANSWER- diastole what is the period of contraction? - ANSWER- systole What carries blood away from the heart? - ANSWER- Arteries What connects arterioles with venules? - ANSWER- capillaries what blood vessels carry blood back to the heart? - ANSWER- veins Which leukocyte removes toxins and defends the body from allergic reactions? - ANSWER- eosinophils

18which leuokocyte participates in the body's inflammatory response? - ANSWER- basophils which leukocyte phagocytizes bacteria and foreign materials? - ANSWER- monocytes which leukocyte provides immunity for the body by developing antibodies? - ANSWER- lymphocytes The ballooning out or saclike formation on an artery wal - ANSWER- aneurysm specialized lymphatic capillaries - ANSWER- lacteals which tube recieves all of the purified lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the right chest and the right arm? - ANSWER- right lymphatic duct which tube drains the lymph from the rest of the body? - ANSWER- thoracic duct what are masses of lymphatic tissue? - ANSWER- tonsils what are the three pairs of tonsils? - ANSWER- palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, and lingual tonsils what is the mass of lymphatic tissue located in the center of the upper chest? - ANSWER- thymus inflammation of the lymph nodes - ANSWER- adenitis

19chronic malignant disease of the lymph nodes - ANSWER- Hodgkin's disease inflammation of the lymphatic vessels resulting from an infection in an extremity - ANSWER- lymphangitis an enlargement of the spleen - ANSWER- splenomegaly cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area? - ANSWER- sinuses the throat - ANSWER- pharynx voice box between the pharynx and trachea - ANSWER- larynx the tube extending from the larynx to the center of the chest - ANSWER- trachea the trachea divides into two - ANSWER- bronchi the membrane sac enclosing the lungs is the - ANSWER- pleura the process of breathing involves two phases - ANSWER- inspiration and expiration inhilation - ANSWER- inspiration exhalation - ANSWER- expiration The small intestine is divided into three parts - ANSWER- duodenum, ileum and jejunum the four parts of the colon - ANSWER- ascending, descending,

20transverse, sigmoid the s shaped section of the colon which joins the rectum - ANSWER- sigmoid the part of the colon that extends across the abdomen, below the liver and stomach - ANSWER- transverse the final 6-8 inches of the large intestine and storage area for the indigestibles and wastes - ANSWER- rectum the narrow canal opening out of the rectum - ANSWER- anus chronic destruction of the liver cells - ANSWER- cirrhosis inflammation of the diverticula pouches - ANSWER- diverticulitis the inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the stomach and the intestinal tract - ANSWER- gastroenteritis Which type of hepatitis is highly contagious and is transmitted by food and water contaminated by feces - ANSWER- Hepatitis A which type of hepatitis is transmitted by bodily fluids - ANSWER- hepatitis B which type of hepatitis is spread through contact with blood or body fluids? - ANSWER- hepatitis C severe inflammation of the colon accompanied by the formation of ulcers... - ANSWER- ulerative colitis

21an open sore in the lining of the digestive tract - ANSWER- ulcer microscopic filtering units located in the kidneys - ANSWER- nephrons the two main sections of the kidney - ANSWER- cortex and medulla what is the outer section of the kidney conaining the most nephrons and aids in the production of urine? - ANSWER- cortex which is the inner section of the kidney that contains most of the collecting tubules which carry urine from nephrons through the kidneys? - ANSWER- medulla kidney stone - ANSWER- renal calculus toxic conditionn when the kidneys fail and the urinary waste products are present in the bloodstream - ANSWER- uremia Which endocrine gland is responsible for the growth and development of sex organs in the male? - ANSWER- testes which endocrine gland is responsible for the metabolism of glucose and the maintenance of glucose levels in the blood? - ANSWER- pancreas Which endocrine gland is responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphate in the blood? - ANSWER- parathyroid which endocrine gland is responsible for the increasing and regulation metabolism and the stimulation of mental and physical growth - ANSWER- thyroid