Washington's Farewell Address

The First President

  • Led the Continental Army

  • Presided over the Constitutional Convention

  • Had an almost god-like reputation around the colonies

  • “President” was designed for him

  • Elected unanimously, but didn’t want to be President

Newburgh Conspiracy

  • Instead of becoming a military dictator, he showed genuine commitment to

    republicanism

  • Wasn’t exactly humble…History has its eyes on me

Washington and Slavery

  • Washington owned many slaves, some were brought by Martha Washington

    • Martha was more wealthy than Washington

  • ~300 slaves worked at Mt Vernon plantation

  • Runaway’s were recaptured and resisting slaves were tortured

  • Expressed moral reservations about slavery, but didn’t do much to solve it

    • Lafayette argued for the phasing out of slavery

  • Freed upon Martha’s death

Precedents Set by Washington

  • Civilian Leadership

    • Military respect for the Constitution and elected leaders

  • Presidential Cabinet

    • OG Cabinet was 4 people, has expanded since then

  • Executive Privilege

    • The right to keep things secret from Congress

    • Been abused throughout history; Nixon, Trump

  • Two-Term Presidency

  • The Rise of Political Parties; Cabinet Conflict

    • Cabinet Battles #1 and #2, Hamilton vs Jefferson

Farewell Address

  • Written by Hamilton

  • Addressed to “Friends and fellow citizens”

  • Washington’s advice to the Country - Federalist

How Is the Farewell Address a Partisan Document?

George Washington's Farewell Address is considered a partisan document primarily because it was influenced by the political tensions of his time, particularly between Federalists and Republicans. Washington, while himself a Federalist, cautioned against the dangerous effects of political parties in his address. He warned that the spirit of party could lead to divisiveness and conflict, undermining national unity. His address was written by Alexander Hamilton, a leading Federalist, reinforcing the notion that it reflected Federalist perspectives, particularly in its advocacy for a strong central government and warning against alliances with foreign nations. Thus, while it aimed for unity, it emanated from a partisan context and reflected the political landscape of the time.

How Has the Farewell Address Been Upheld?

George Washington's Farewell Address remains relevant and applicable to modern America in several ways:

  1. Warnings Against Political Parties: Washington cautioned about the divisive nature of political parties, which is significant today as polarization continues to characterize American politics. His advice encourages dialogue and bipartisanship.

  2. Unity and National Identity: He emphasized the importance of national unity over factional divides, which resonates with current calls for social cohesion amidst political and cultural divisions.

  3. Foreign Alliances: Washington warned against entangling alliances with foreign nations, a perspective that can still be seen in debates about international relations and military engagements today.

  4. Civilian Leadership: His advocacy for civilian oversight of the military remains pertinent as current discussions about military influence in politics continue.

  5. Respect for the Constitution: Washington stressed the significance of following the Constitution and showing respect for its principles, which is fundamental in contemporary debates surrounding governmental power and civil rights.

Overall, Washington's insights reflect enduring themes around governance, civic responsibility, and national integrity that continue to shape American society today.