Paradigm Shift, Human Activities and Philosophy
to differentiate between Holistic and Partial point of view
Science and Philosophy
| ==Science== | ==Philosophy== |
|---|---|
| Emphasizes only on a particular aspect of reality | one that can see the holistic perspective of life |
| Investigative | Reflective |
| The world of appearance | What lies behind the appearance |
| you get knowledge from generation to generation | More knowledge you get, but more understanding |
| Covers a very small part of the world | To have a picture of the whole universe, A complete world view |
Gabriel Marcel’s Primary and Secondary Reflection
Primary Reflection - Sees persons not according to their beings but as %%something associated with predicates%%
Secondary Reflection - Looks on man not only through his predicates, but also on his whole being, the %%totality of his being as person.%%
Plato’s Allegory of the cave
Prisoners see only a limited and a narrow reality. They think the shadows are the reality ( it is only mistaken as reality.) ^^Freedom occurs when we are able to see the truth and not the mere appearance of objects^^.
- Wag limitahan ang pag-aaral kung may pagkakataon
- Wag maging kuntento sa anong meron.
The “What” of Philosophy
- Etymology - Greek word ‘Philia’ (love) and ‘Sophia’ (wisdom) Philosophy is the ==love for wisdom.==
- Historical Origins - While watching the Olympic game inside Amphitheater, Pythagoras notices and classified groups of people.
| Lovers of Gain/Pleasures | Fame | Spectacle |
|---|---|---|
| %%To make money and gain profit by selling their goods inside%% | %%To play games. To win, compete, to fight in order to win honor, prestige and fame%% | %%To watch the game and be thrilled by the events unfolding%% |
| Businessmen | Athletes and politicians | audience, viewers, observers and game analysts |
- Lexical definition - %%The study of ultimate reality, causes and principles underlying being acquired through the use of human reason alone%%
The “How” of Philosophy
- Ostensive definition - %%Showing or pointing out%%
- Philosophy is not just a textbook knowledge - %%It is an attitude, an activity of human mind%%
- Wisdom is the active utilization of knowledge - A lover of wisdom is one who has desires for knowledge and truth. %%Using and applying that knowledge for his human development and for the development of mankind.%%
The Starting Point of Philosophizing
- Wonder or Awe - %%We are able to reflect on our human activities%%
- Act of Questioning - %%Recognizing and being aware of our activities that lead us to deliberate reflection.%%
Four Different periods in Philosophy
- Ancient classical Philosophy - Cosmo-centric ( Thales)
- Medieval Philosophy - Theocentric ( Thomas Aquinas)
- Modern Philosophy - Scientific and Rationalistic (Descartes)
- Contemporary Philosophy - Anthropocentric ( Jean Paul Sartre)
Branches on Philosophy
- Metaphysics : The origin and nature of things.
- Epistemology : Theory of knowledge.
- Logic : A proper or reasonable way of thinking about something.
- Ethics : Moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity.
- Aesthetics : Deals with the principles of beauty and artistic taste
What is the value of Philosophy?
@@Encourage us to examine our lives. To challenge our views and beliefs in order to achieve the truth. Analyze our daily experiences in life by reflecting on it@@
Marcelian Reflection (Marcel Gabriel)
Primary Reflection
- %%Dissolving the unity, analyzing the real meaning or function of the objects%%.
- Understanding things according to its predicate.
- Objective reflection
Secondary Reflection
- %%Put all things into unity, synthesizing the object and giving it a mere personal meaning%%.
- Understanding things according to the holistic point of view.
- Subjective reflection
The Husserlian Phenomenological Method (Edmund Husserl)
- Epoch - Removal or bracketing of the biases we have with the object.
- Eidetic Reduction - Comes from the Greek word “ Eidos” (shape or essence)
- Transcendental Reduction - “my” very own experience of the phenomenon.