Grammer: Verb Tenses
}}Preterite}}
Normal
| Pronoun | -ar Verb | -er Verb | -ir Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | -é | -í | -í |
| tú | -aste | -iste | -iste |
| él/ella/usted | -ó | -ió | -ió |
| nosotros/nosotras | -amos | -imos | -imos |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes | -aron | -ieron | -ieron |
Irregulars
| Verbs | Preterite Stem | English Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Andar | Anduv- | To walk |
| Caber | Cup- | To fit |
| Estar | Estuv- | To be |
| Haber | Hub- | To have |
| Poder | Pud- | Be able to |
| Poner | Pus- | To put |
| Querer | Quis- | To want |
| Saber | Sup- | To know |
| Tener | Tuv- | To have |
| Venir | Vin- | To come |
- Song to remember : tender es tuve; estar estuve, ir es fui y tambien ser; poner es puse; poder es pude; traje es para traer; hacer hice(hizo); haber hube;saber supe; querer quise, decir dije; venir vine; ver es vi; dar es di
}}Imperfect}}
Normal
| Pronoun | -ar Verbs | -er Verbs | -ir Verbs |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | -aba | -ía | -ía |
| tú | -abas | -ías | -ías |
| él/ella/usted | -aba | -ía | -ía |
| nosotros/nosotras | -ábamos | -íamos | -íamos |
| vosotros/vosotras | -abais | -íais | -íais |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes | -aban | -ían | -ían |
Irregulars
| Ir | Ser | Ver |
|---|---|---|
| iba | era | vei’a |
| ibas | eras | vei’as |
| iba | era | vei’as |
| i’bamos | eramos | vei’amos |
| iban | eran | vei’an |
{{Future{{
- will do; shall do
- endings are added to infinitive(actual verb)
| e’ | a’s | a’ | emos | a’n |
|---|
Irregulars
| Hacer | Har |
|---|---|
| Querer | Querr |
| Decir | Dir |
| Haber | Habr |
| Saber | Sabr |
| Poder | Podr |
| Poner | Pondr |
| Tener | Tendr |
| Salir | Saldr |
| Venir | Vendr |
| Valer | Valdr |
{{Conditional{{
- would do
- endings are added to infinitive(actual verb)
- Irregulars are the same as future
| ‘ia | ‘ias | ‘ia | iamos | ‘ian |
|---|
{{Should/Could{{
- Should = Deber (does'’t translate literally)
- add before infinitive
| Deberi’a | Deberi’as | Deberi’a | deberi’amos | deberi’an |
|---|
- Could = poder (doesn’t translate literally)
- add before infinitive
| Podri’a | podri’as | podri’a | podri’amos | podri’an |
|---|
<<Past Participle<<
- -ed endings but with haber
- I jumped [past tense]. I have jumped [past participle].
Regular
- Add ado/ido to the verb
- Comido
Irregulars
| dicho(decir) |
|---|
| Visto(ver) |
| roto (romper) |
| escrito(escribir) |
| hecho(hacer) |
| puesto(poner) |
| abierto(abrir) |
| muerto(morir) |
| cubierto(cubrir) |
| vuelto(volver) |
| impreso(imprimer) |
| frito(freir) |
<<Present Perfect<<
Regular
- Present conjugation of Haber + Past participle
| He | has | ha | hemos | han |
|---|
Passive voice
- Ser and past participle
- el libro fue escrito por cervantes
Condition
- Estar and past participle
- The chair is broken →la silla esta rota
- The man is dead → el hombre esta mueeto
- Iḿ bored → yo estoy aburrida
- Youre tired → usteded estan cansados
[[Compound Tenses[[
- Different Types
- I have done - he, has, ha, hemos, han + past participle
- I have called - he llamado
- I had done - había, habías, había, habíams, habían (pluperfecto)
- I will have done - habré, habrás. habrá, habremos,habían
- I would have done - habría(as, a, amos, an) (conditional of haber)
- I should have - yo debería haber hecho (conditional perfect)
I could have - podría haber hecho
- Subjuctive - see more below
- I had done - hubiera(ese) (past perfect subjunctive)
- I have done - haya (present perfect subjunctive)
[[Subjunctives[[
- 2 subjects and 2 clauses with que
- 1st subject has no control over the second
- 1st clause had to be WEDDING
| W | wants |
|---|---|
| E | emotions |
| D | desires |
| D | doubts |
| I | “es bueno” |
| N | negates certanity |
| G | goals (looking for a good job but doesn’t mean you will get it) |
Present Subjunctive
- when dependent clause(second verb) is in the future or present
- It is important that you always study.
Es importante que estudies siempre.
Idea Presente + idea presente (presente subjuntivo)
- Take yo form of verb (car, gar, zar)
- drop the -o
- add the opposite ending
- Irregulars
| Ser | sea | seas | sea | seamos | sean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haber | haya | hayas | haya | hayamos | hayan |
| Estar | esté | estés | esté | estemos | estemos |
| Ir | vaya | vayas | vaya | vayamos | vayamos |
| Saber | sepa | sepas | sepa | sepamos | sepan |
| Dar | dé | des | de | demos | den |
Present Perfect Subjunctive
- When you have 1st verb in present and the second verb in past and it has the requirements for a subjunctive
- It is important that you studied yesterday. Es importante que hayas estudiado ayer.
Idea presente + idea pasada (presente perfecto subjuntivo)
- Present subjunctive of Haber + past participle(ado/ido)
| haya | hayas | haya | hayamos | hayan |
|---|
- <<Irregulars<< <<→ past particple<<
Past Subjunctive
- It was important that you studied/ it was important for you to study.
Era importante que estudiaras.
- Idea pasada + si la idea 1 es pasado, el resto tiene que ser pasado
- Take the ellos form of the preterit
- Take off the -ron
- Add ra endings
| ra | ras | ra | ramos | ran |
|---|
- <<Irregulars<< <<→ same as preterit<<
Past Perfect Subjunctive
- similar to english → I had done something; actions that have happened before another action (past of the past)
- I arrived before the class had begun
Llegue antes de que la clase hubiera comenzado
- <<Irregulars<< <<→ same as past participle<<
- Conditional of Haber + past participle
| hubiera | hubieras | hubiera | hubie’remos | hubieran |
|---|
If Clauses
- ==Conditional== + SI → pasado subjuntivo
- I would go IF I could go - ==Iría== si pudiera ir
- ==Future== + SI = regular present (present indicative)
- I will go IF I have time - ==Iré== si tengo tiempo.
- ==Conditional perfect== + IF = pasado perfecto subjuntivo
- I would have gone IF I had known the address.
Yo ==hubiera== ido si hubiera sabido la dirección.