week one recording one
Week one recording one Cardiovascular System Overview
Objectives
Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
Risk factors and incidence of cardiovascular disease
Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
Nurse's role in prevention of cardiovascular disease
Diagnostic tests, techniques, and procedures for cardiovascular assessment
Problem statements for patients with cardiovascular issues and their outcomes
Important Terms
Exam preparation: Terms will be included in scenarios, not straightforward definitions
Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and hardening of arterial walls, reducing elasticity
Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup within the arterial walls
Heart Anatomy and Function
Location: Heart located in thoracic cavity (mediastinum)
Size: Approximately the size of a fist (closed)
Layers of the Heart
Epicardium: Outer layer
Myocardium: Middle layer composed of muscle fibers
Endocardium: Inner lining of the heart's chambers
Pericardium: Membranous sac surrounding the heart, provides infection barrier and prevents displacement
Contains pericardial fluid (30-50 mL) for lubrication
Heart Structure
Chambers:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Heart divided into four chambers:
Right side is a low pressure system
Left side is a high pressure system
Blood Pathway
Deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava enters the right atrium
Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
Blood flows through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary artery (only artery with deoxygenated blood)
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs (O2 in, CO2 out)
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins (only veins with oxygenated blood)
Blood enters the left atrium
Passes through the mitral valve (bicuspid) into the left ventricle
Blood is ejected through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta
Septum: Div