pavlov. U.1 L.5

• classical conditioning

• learning is the process by which we acquire new knowledge, behaviours and attitudes

• learning can occur through conscious/unconscious pathways

• classical conditioning is an unconscious learning method and a straightforward way that humans can learn

• classical conditioning is widely known, and its discovery was an accident

• his initial work was on digestion and how saliva works with digestion, and found that other stimuli such as a researcher walking into the room, saliva would be produced

• pavlov presented a stimulus (bell) and then gave the dogs food, after a few repetitions the dogs started to salivate in response to the stimulus

• if the stimulus was in the dogs presence while eating, then it becomes associated with food and causes salivation to occur

terminology :

• unconditioned response : corresponds to the unconditioned stimulus

• unconditioned stimulus : food because its effects don’t depend on previous experience

• neutral stimulus : bell; does not elicit salivation in the dogs, once conditioned it become the -

• conditioned stimulus : because its effects depend on the association with food, the responses of the dog follow the same conditioned vs. unconditioned arrangement

• conditional response : response to the conditioned stimulus

• pavlovian principles can influences human health, emotion, motivation & therapy

• issues of concern : exploiting others for gain, advertising; these can lead to increased spending and poor eating habits

• edwin twitmyer published findings of classical conditoning a year before pavlov and got no credit

• they surgically implanted cannula used to measure salivation (unethical)

• he allegedly experimented on homeless people and orphaned children