Introduction to Cell Functions and Characteristics

Functions of Specialized Cells

  • Epithelial cells: Protect the outside surface of the body as part of the skin and cover internal organs and body cavities.

  • Bone cells: Build up bones to provide structural support for the body.

  • Immune system cells: Fight invading bacteria.

  • Blood cells: Carry nutrients and oxygen throughout the body while removing carbon dioxide.

  • Systemic role: Maintain growth, development, and daily body functioning.

Universal Cell Characteristics

  • Organisms as diverse as humans, onions, and bacteria share fundamental characteristics despite their structural variety.


Microscopic views showing human sinus cells, onion cells, and bacterial cells

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