SCI131 LESSONE 3
Acetic Acid | Found in vinegar, removes hard water stains, soap scum, and tarnish from metals. |
Citric Acid | Found in lemons, limes, oranges, removes rust, coffee stains, and urine stains. |
Cream of Tartar (Potassium bitartrate) | Used for cleaning brass, copper, aluminum, and freshening coffee makers. |
Phosphoric Acid | Found in cola drinks, used for rust removal, tub & tile cleaners. |
Hydrochloric Acid (Muriatic Acid) | Found in toilet bowl cleaners, dissolves grime, concrete stains, and limescale. |
Sulfuric Acid | Found in drain cleaners, highly corrosive and oxidizing. |
Oxalic Acid | Used in rust removers, highly toxic and corrosive. |
Hydrofluoric Acid | A powerful rust remover, highly dangerous and burns skin and glass. |
Sodium Bisulfate (Sodium Acid Sulfate) | Found in toilet bowl cleaners, toxic and corrosive. |
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) | Used for safe, gentle cleaning of glass, tiles, porcelain, coffee stains. |
Ammonia | Found in glass cleaners, wax cleaners, boosts grease-cutting power. |
Borax (Sodium Borate) | A natural disinfectant used in laundry boosters, wall & sink cleaners. |
Lye (Sodium Hydroxide, Caustic Soda) | Found in drain and oven cleaners, highly corrosive, causes burns. |
Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda, Soda Ash) | Used for removing fat from drains, grease on pans. |
Sodium Metasilicate | Used for wall cleaners, exterior house cleaning. |
Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) | Formerly used in cleaning walls before painting, now mostly banned due to environmental concerns. |
Disinfectants | Kill 99.999% of pathogens within 5–10 minutes. Used in hospitals. |
Sanitizers | Reduce germs to safe levels. Used in kitchens, food surfaces. |
Abrasives | Rough, gritty cleaners that remove stains by friction (e.g., baking soda, scouring powders). |
Acids in Cleaning | Remove mineral deposits and rust. Examples: citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid (toilet cleaners), sulfuric acid (drain cleaners). |
Alkalis in Cleaning | Dissolve grease and dirt. Examples: baking soda (mild), ammonia (moderate), sodium hydroxide (lye, strong alkali). |
Bleaching Agents | Chemicals that remove stains and disinfect. Example: sodium hypochlorite (chlorine bleach). |
Detergents | Surfactant-based cleaners that break up grease and dirt (e.g., laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid). |
Surfactants | Reduce surface tension, allowing dirt and grease to be lifted from surfaces. Example: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). |
Preservatives | Prevent bacterial growth. Examples: Parabens, formaldehyde-releasing agents. |
Fragrances | Chemicals added for scent. Examples: Aldehydes, synthetic perfumes. |
Pigments & Colorants | Add color to cosmetics. Example: Titanium dioxide (found in makeup, sunscreen, toothpaste). |
Sunscreen Ingredients | Protect skin from UV rays. Examples: Oxybenzone, zinc oxide, benzophenone. |
Moisturizers (Emollients) | Help skin retain moisture. Examples: Glycerin, mineral oil, petroleum jelly. |
Surfactants in Cosmetics | Allow water and oil to mix in shampoos, soaps. Example: Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). |
Toluene | A solvent used in nail polish removers. |
Acetone | A solvent used in nail polish removers for breaking down polish. |
GHS (Globally Harmonized System) | International system for classifying and labeling chemicals. |
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) | Document providing chemical safety information, precautions, and first aid measures. |
GHS Pictograms | Symbols indicating chemical hazards. |
Product Labeling Requirements | Includes ingredients, safety warnings, expiration date, and usage instructions. |